Televizijska igra

Televizijska igra ( eng : game show , doslovno ?predstava igre”) oblik je televizijske emisija ?ija srha je zabava gledatelja (ili, u slu?aju srodne radio-igre , slu?atelja) kroz naticanje za to posebno ili slu?ajno odabranih osoba. ?esto u njima u?estvuju poznate osobe iz javnoga ?ivota. Televizijske igre su oblik televizijske zabave za velike mase.

Postoje razli?ite vrste TV-igara s obzirom na razli?ite vrste naticanja. Jedan od naj?e??ih i najpopularnijih vrsta je televizijski kviz u kojima takmi?ari moraju da poka?u znanje ili intelektualne sposobnosti; osim njih postoje televizijske igre u kojima se u?esnici nadme?u u fizi?koj snazi, okretnosti i sli?nom, naj?e??e u ?pomaknutom” ili humoristi?kom kontekstu. Najpoznatiji takvi kvizovi su Ko ?eli da bude milioner? , Potera , Kvizoteka i sli?no.

Posebna vrsta TV-igre je tzv. show talenata u kome takmi?ari nastoje da poka?u svoje zabavlja?ke ve?tine, a u poslednje vrijeme su se kao poseban oblik TV-igre razvile i takmi?arske realnosne emisije. Među njima se isti?u peva?ka takmi?enja između razli?itih vrsta talenata (pr. Supertalent ) ili televizijskih videoigara (najpoznatije Hugo i Dora istra?uje ).

Istorija [ уреди | уреди извор ]

1930-te ? 1950-te [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Emisije igara po?ele su da se pojavljuju na radiju i televiziji krajem 1930-ih. Prva emisija televizijskih igara, Spelling Bee , kao i prva emisija radijskih igara, Information Please , emitovane su 1938; prvi ve?i uspeh u ?anru predstava igara bio je Dr. I.Q. , radio kviz koji je zapo?eo 1939. Truth or Consequences je bila prva emisija koja se emitovala na komercijalno licenciranoj televiziji; nedugo zatim usledio je CBS Television Quiz . Njegova prva epizoda emitovana je 1941. godine kao eksperimentalna emisija. Tokom 1950-ih, kako je televizija po?ela da pro?ima popularnu kulturu, igrane emisije su brzo postale ustaljene. Dnevne emisije bi se igrale za manje uloge za doma?ice koje ostaju kod ku?e. Programi sa ve?im ulozima emitovani su u udarnom terminu . Tokom kasnih 1950-ih, igre sa visokim ulozima poput Twenty-One i The $64,000 Question zapo?ele su da brzo zadobijaju popularnost. Međutim, uspon kviz emisija pokazao se kratkotrajnim. Godine 1959, mnoge emisije sa ve?im ulozima bile su skandali i pad rejtinga doveo je do toga da je ve?ina igara tokom udarnih termna otkazana.

1960-te ? 1970-te [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Emisije igara ostale su deo ameri?ke dnevne televizije tokom 1960-ih nakon skandala u kviz emisijama. Igre sa ni?im nagradama donekle su se vratile u dnevne programe po?etkom 1960-ih; primeri uklju?uju Jeopardy! koja je zapo?ela 1964. godine, a originalna verzija emisije The Match Game prvi put je emitovana 1962. Emisija Let's Make a Deal je zapo?eta 1963. godine, a 1960-e su takođe obele?ile debi emisija Hollywood Squares , Password , The Dating Game , i The Newlywed Game .

1980-te ? 1990-te [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Emisije igara imale su najni?i prioritet televizijskih mre?a, i ako bi bile neuspe?ne, rotirane su svakih trinaest nedelja. Ve?ina snimaka je bivala ubrisana do po?etka 1980-ih. Tokom 1980-ih i po?etkom 1990-ih, kako je proizvedeno sve manje novih hitova (npr. Press Your Luck , Sale of the Century , i Card Sharks ), emisije igara izgubile su svoje stalno mesto u dnevnoj postavi. ABC je napustio format dnevnih igara sredinom 1980-ih (nakratko se vrativ?i tom formatu za jednu sezonu 1990. godine sa revizijom emisije Match Game ). NBC -ov blok igara takođe je trajao do 1991. godine, ali mre?a je poku?ala da ih povrati 1993, pre nego ?to je ponovo otkazala svoj blok igara 1994. CBS je ukinuo ve?inu svojih igara, osim The Price Is Right , do 1993. U korist ?anra, emisija Wheel of Fortune i modernizovani preporod programa Jeopardy! do sindikacije 1983. i 1984, respektivno, bio je i ostaje izuzetno uspe?an; ta dva programa su do danas, prisutne u udarnom ?pristupnom periodu”.

2000-te - sada?njost [ уреди | уреди извор ]

To?ak sre?e , Opasnost! i Porodi?na zavada nastavili su sa sindikacijom. Da bi odr?ali korak sa udarnim kviz emisijama, Jeopardy! je udvostru?ila vrednost pitanja 2001. godine i podigla ograni?enje dobitka 2003. godine, ?to je godinu dana kasnije omogu?ilo Kenu D?eningsu da postane prvi pobednik emisije sa vi?emilionskim dobitkom; takođe su pove?ani ulozi turnira i stavljen je ve?i fokus na takmi?are jakih li?nosti. Od tada je emisija iznedrila jo? dva milionera, pobednika turnira Brada Ratera i nedavnog ?ampiona D?ejmesa Holzhauera . ?ou Family Feud o?iveo je popularnost promenom tona pod voditeljem Stivom Harvijem .

U martu 2020. godine, kao rezultat pandemije kovida-19 , privremeno je obustavljena proizvodnja na ?etiri najdugove?nije revije igara u Severnoj Americi ( Family Feud , Jeopardy , The Price Is Right i Wheel of Fortune ). Od tada su Family Feud , Jeopardy , i Wheel of Fortune nastavili produkciju; dok program The Price is Right koji zahteva studijsku publiku da bi se pravilno igrala igra, ostaje obustavljen do daljeg. ^[1]^[2]

Bonus krug [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Bonus krug (poznata i kao bonus igra ili zavr?na igra) obi?no sledi glavnu igru kao bonus pobedniku te igre. U bonus krugu ulog je ve?i i smatra se da je igra o?trija. ^[3]

Do 1960-ih, ve?ina igara nije nudila bonus rundu. U tradicionalnim formatima za dva igra?a, pobednik je - ako su to pravila pravila igre predviđala - postao ?ampion i jednostavno igrao s novim izaziva?om, bilo u slede?oj emisiji ili nakon komercijalne pauze. ^[3]

Jedan od najranijih oblika bonus rundi bio je D?ekpot runda originalne serije Beat the Clock . Nakon dva kruga izvođenja vratolomija, supruga takmi?arskog para nastupila bi na d?ekpot tabli za nagradu. Takmi?aru je prikazan poznati citat ili uobi?ajena fraza, i re?i su pome?ane. Da bi osvojio najavljeni bonus, takmi?ar je morao da razre?i re?i u roku od 20 sekundi. Takmi?arka bi dobila ute?ni poklon vredan preko 200 ameri?kih dolara, ako ne bi uspela.

Jo? jedan rani primer bila je munjevita runda igre re?i Lozinka , po?ev od 1961. Takmi?ar koji je pobedio u prednjoj igri odigrao je brzu seriju lozinki u roku od 60 sekundi, neto 50 dolara po ta?no pretpostavljenoj re?i, za maksimalnu bonus nagradu od 250 dolara. ^[3]^[4]

Reference [ уреди | уреди извор ]

^ White, Peter (2020-07-28). ?‘Wheel Of Fortune’ & ‘Jeopardy!’ Head Back To The Studio With Redesigned Wheel & Podium” . Deadline (на ?езику: енглески) . Приступ?ено 2020-08-14 .
^ ?'Family Feud' to Resume Filming at Its Atlanta Studio in August” . TheWrap (на ?езику: енглески). 2020-08-01 . Приступ?ено 2020-08-14 .
^ ^а ^б ^в Graham, Jefferson, "Come on Down!!! The TV Game Show Book," Abbeville Press Publishers, New York, 1988.
^ Schwartz, David, Steve Ryan and Fred Westbock. "The Encyclopedia of TV Game Shows: 3rd Edition", Checkmark Books, Facts on File Inc., 1999, pg. xviii. ISBN 0-8160-3847-3

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Spolja?nje veze [ уреди | уреди извор ]

Game Shows на са?ту Curlie
Game Shows
Pinsker, Joe (24. 4. 2019). ?James Holzhauer Explains the Strategy Behind His Jeopardy Winning Streak” . The Atlantic . Приступ?ено 24. 4. 2019 . ? I've got to give Jeopardy! immense credit, and The Chase U.S.A. In Britain or Australia, James would not have made it onto television, because he's just too damn good. They would never have him on. ”

[1] White, Peter (2020-07-28). ?‘Wheel Of Fortune’ & ‘Jeopardy!’ Head Back To The Studio With Redesigned Wheel & Podium” . Deadline (на ?езику: енглески) . Приступ?ено 2020-08-14 .

[2] ?'Family Feud' to Resume Filming at Its Atlanta Studio in August” . TheWrap (на ?езику: енглески). 2020-08-01 . Приступ?ено 2020-08-14 .

[Graham-3] а ^б ^в Graham, Jefferson, "Come on Down!!! The TV Game Show Book," Abbeville Press Publishers, New York, 1988.

[4] Schwartz, David, Steve Ryan and Fred Westbock. "The Encyclopedia of TV Game Shows: 3rd Edition", Checkmark Books, Facts on File Inc., 1999, pg. xviii. ISBN 0-8160-3847-3

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