Coordinates
:
70°S
150°E
/
70°S 150°E
/
-70; 150
|
Maabka badaha ugu waaweyn aduunka: Badweynta Atlantik, Badweynta Baasifik, Badweynta Arktik, Badweynta Hindiya, Badweynta Koonfured iyo muuqaalka badaha aduunka ee
dhulka
.
|
Shanta Badweyn ee Aduunka
|
Badweynta Koonfureed
,
Badweynta Antarktika
(
Af Ingiriis
:
Southern Ocean
;
Af Carabi
:
ar
) (sidoo kale loo yaqaano
Badweynta Antarktik, Badweynta Awstral, Bada Koonfur, Bada aadka u weyn ee Koonfureed
[1]
) waa mid ka mid ah
shanta badweyn
ee
aduunka
taasi oo dhacda meesha ugu xigta koonfurta
dhulka
. Badweynta Koonfured waxay ku taalaa koonfuta
dhigta 60° K
taasi oo ku wareegsan gobolka
Qaarada Antarktika
.
[2]
Marka laga hadlayo baaxada iyo waynida, badweyntani waa
bada afaraad ee ugu weyn
badweynta
aduunka, waxaa ka wayn
Badweynta Baasifik
,
Badweynta Atlaantik
, iyo
Badweynta Hindiya
; waxaysa ka weyn tahay
Badweynta Arktik
.
[3]
Biyaha badani waxay dhacaan soonaha biyaha
qaboow
iyo
diiran
ku kulmaan.
Markii ugu horeeysay taariikhda waxaa sanadkii 1770kii la ogaaday badweyntani markii sahamiye kabtan James Kook u gooshay biyaha koonfureed ee aduunka. Intaas wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa
cilmiyahanada juquraafigu
aad ugu qulqulayeen gobolka ay badweyntani ka mid tahay. Sidoo kale waxaa in mudo ah muran iyo is-afgaranwaa ka taagna xadka Badweynta Koonfureed, taasi oo meelo badan lagaga qasayey xadka ay la wadaagto Badweynta Baasifik, Badweynta Atlantik iyo Badweynta Hindiya.
Sanadkii 2000
wixii ka dambeeyay bulshada caalamku waxay isku raacday in Badweynta Koonfureed ka bilaabanto (ama lagu daro) dhigta lixdanaad koonfur.
[4]
Antarktika
waa
qaarada
ugu xigta koonfurta
Aduunka
, taasi oo juquraafi ahaan noqoneysa
Cidhifka Koonfureed
ee
dhulka
. Qaarada Antarktika waxay ka mid tahay
gobolka Antarktik
ee waaxda koonfureed ee dhulka, taasi oo qeyb ka yihiin Iskuwareega Antarktik iyo
Bada Koonfureed
. Baaxada dhulka Antarktika waa mid aad u balaadhan, waxaana lagu qiyaasay
14.0 milyan kilomitir labo jibaaran
(5.4 milyan mayl labo jibaaran), taasi oo ka dhigeysa qaarada shanaad ee ugu weyn aduunka - waxaa ka weyn
Afrika
,
Aasiya
,
Waqooyiga Ameerika
iyo
Koonfur Ameerika
.
Hadii Antarktika la barbardhigo qaarada
Ustareliya
weey ku labo laabmaysaa, taasi micnaheedu waa in Ustareliya le'eg tahay kala badh Antarktika. Sida la ogyahay ilaa 98% qaarada Antarktika waxaa qariyahay
baraf
kaasi oo leh dhumuc dhan 1.9 kilomitir (1.2 mayl),
[5]
kuna fidsan dhammaan deegaanada qaarada marka laga reebo qeybta waqooyi oo kali ah.
Isku celcelis, qaarada Antarktika waa tan ugu
qaboow
, qalalsan (biyo yar), ee ugu
dabaysha
badan qaaradaha caalamka oo dhan. Sidoo kale waxay leedahay deegaano badan oo ugu dhaadheer jooga dhulka.
[6]
Juquraafi ahaan marka laga hadlayo deegaanada Antarktika waxaa lagu tiriyaa
lamadegaan
(saxare), sababtoo ah waxaa ka da'a
roob
aad u yar oo mararka qaar ka yar 200 mm (8 in) kaasi oo ku da'a deegaanada xeebaha oo kali ah.
[7]
Sidoo kale waxaa xusid mudan
heerkulka
Antarktika, wuxuu inta badan yahay ?89 °C (?129 °F), in kastoo marka la iskucelceliyo guud ahaan noqonayso ?63 °C (?81 °F).
Dhinaca kale, qaarada Antarktika ma lahan dad si joogto ah ugu dhaqan ama nool deegaanadaadi. Laakiin waxaa wakhtiyo badan oo sanadka ah jooga tiro
Saynisyahano
iyo
cilmibaadhayaal
ah oo u dhexeeya 1,000 ilaa 5,000 qof kuwaasi oo ku baahsan dhinacyada qaarada.
Noolaha sida dabiiciga ah looga helo qaarada Antarktika waxaa ka mid ah algae,
bakteeriya
,
fungi
, xoogaa yar oo
dhir
ah, brotista, iyo noocyo kooban oo
xayawaan
ah, sida
takfida
,
qooleeyda
, sealska, iyo tardgrade. Dhirta ugu caansan ee laga helo deeganku waa
tundra
.
Guud ahaan, qaarada Antarktika waa meel aan la kala lahayn (de facto), laakiin waxaa maamula oo gacanta ku haya dowladaha saxeexay
"Nidaamka Heshiiska Antarktika"
. Heshiiskaasi waxaa sanadkii 1959kii saxeexay labo iyo toban wadan, wakhtiyadii ka dambeeyayna waxaa saxeexa ku biiray ilaa 39 wadan kale. Heshiiskaasi wuxuu meesha ka saarayaa in qaarada Antarktika loo isticmaalo siyaabo milatari, in hubka lagu tijaabiyo, in wasakhda hubka lau aaso ama la keeno, in la taageero ajandaha cilmi-baadhista, in
macdan
laga qoto iyo in la ilaaliyo hawada nadiifta ah ee qaarada.
Wadanadii ugu horeeyay waxaa ka mid ah
Arjantiina
,
Ustareliya
,
Beljimka
,
Jili
,
Faransiiska
,
Jabaan
,
New Zealand
,
Norway
,
Koonfur Afrika
,
Ruushka
,
Ingiriiska
iyo
Maraykanka
Cilmibaadhista ka socota qaarada waa mid caalami ah oo ilaa 4,000 aqoon yahay oo caalamka ka kala socda joogaan.
Cidhifka Koonfureed
(South Pole) waa geeska ugu shisheeya ama ugu fog ee
koonfurta
meeraha
dhulka
. Dunida aan ku nool nahay ee
dhulka
waxay leedahay
labo
cidhif oo kala ah
Cidhifka Waqooyi
iyo
Cidhifka Koonfur
ee
dhulka
.
Cirifka Koonfur ee aduunka waxee ku taalaa koonfurta ugu hooseeso
aduunka
.
Cirifka Koonfur iyo
Cirifka waqooyi
waa meelaha 6 bilood maalin ah, 6 bilood habeen ah.labadaan meelood waa meesha oo aduunka ka wareegto.Meeshani waa meesha aduunka ugu nolosha adag amaba ugu daran,qofkii ugu horeeyay ee tagaa waxa uu ahaa
Roald Amundsen
waxay ahayd sanadii 1911.
- ↑
Hooker, Joseph Dalton
(1844), Reeve
.
- ↑
"Nuqul Archive"
. Waxaa laga kaydiyay
the original
13 Bisha Labaad 2017
. Soo qaatay
16 July
2012
.
... the Southern Ocean has the unique distinction of being a large circumpolar body of water totally encircling the continent of Antarctica; this ring of water lies between 60 degrees south latitude and the coast of Antarctica and encompasses 360 degrees of longitude.
- ↑
"Nuqul Archive"
. Waxaa laga kaydiyay
the original
13 Bisha Labaad 2017
. Soo qaatay
16 July
2012
.
...As such, the Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five oceans (after the
Pacific Ocean
,
Atlantic Ocean
, and
Indian Ocean
, but larger than the
Arctic Ocean
).
- ↑
Pyne, Stephen J.;
The Ice: A Journey to Antarctica
. University of Washington Press, 1986. (A study of Antarctica's exploration, earth-sciences, icescape, esthetics, literature, and geopolitics)
- ↑
British Antarctic Survey.
The Cryosphere journal
(PDF)
: 390
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/375/2013/tc-7-375-2013.pdf
. Soo qaatay
6 January
2014
.
- ↑
National Satellite, Data, and Information Service.
"Nuqul Archive"
. Government of the United States.
La keydiyay
asal ahaan 13 June 2006
. Soo qaatay
9 June
2006
.
- ↑
Joyce, C. Alan (18 January 2007).
"Nuqul Archive"
.
La keydiyay
asal ahaan 4 March 2009
. Soo qaatay
7 February
2009
.