??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? . ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??? ????? attention ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???, ??????? {{ subst:Needtrans |pg=?????? ????????????? |language=unknown |comments= }} ~~~~ ???? the WP:PNTCU section on ??????????:????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????.

??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? (明治 維新 ?????? ?? ??????), ? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????, ????????????? ?????, ???????, ????????????, ?? ??????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ???? 1868 ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???. ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????, ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? Tokugawa shogunate ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????. ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????, ?? (???? ??? ?????? Tokugawa shogunate ????????) ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ???? 1868 ??? 1912 ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???.

?????? ?? allegiances [????????] ??? ?????? ????????????? ???? Saig? Takamori ?? Kido Takayoshi ??? 1866 Satsuma-Ch?sh? ???????, Satsuma ???? ?? Ch?sh? ???? ?? ???????????????? ????????? ??????? ???. ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? K?mei (???????? ?????? ????) ???? ?? ???? Tokugawa Shogunate (bakufu) ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? Sakamoto Ry?ma ??? ??? ?? ???. ?????? 30, 1867 ??? ???????? K?mei ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? 3. ?? ???????????.

??? Shogunate ?????? [????????] ?????? ?????: Bakumatsu ??? Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 15 ???? Tokugawa ???????, "???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?" ?? 10 ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? 9, 1867, ?? ?? ??? ????? ???. ??? ?????? ???????? ????? "??????????" (Taisei H?kan) ??? - Yoshinobu ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? 3 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ????, ??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? [1].

??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? 1868 ??, Boshin ?????? (??? ? ??????? ???? ??????) Ch?sh? ?? Satsuma ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????-Fushimi ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ????, ????? ??? Yoshinobu ???? ?????? ???????? ?? (?? ????). ?????? 3, 1868 ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????:

???? ???????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? Tokugawa Yoshinobu ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????. ??? henceforward ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???, Taikun ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?. ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????.

- Mutsuhito, ?????? 3, 1868 [2] ???? shogunate ????? ????? ???? ??? Ezo ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ???, ???? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? Hakodate ?????? ???? 1869 ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???. ???????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? (Enomoto Takeaki ?? Hijikata Toshiz? ????????) ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? Tokugawa Shogunate ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????.

??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???. ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????????, ????? Sakoku ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???. ?? ???? "??????" "???????? ?????" ?????? ?? ?????? ????????????, "????????" ???????? ??? "???? ??????????" ??????? ?????? ???. [3]

??? ?????? ??????? ??? Hirobumi, Matsukata Masayoshi, Kido Takayoshi, Itagaki Taisuke, ?????? Aritomo, ???? Arinori, ?kubo Toshimichi, ?? ??????? Naoyoshi ???. ???? Arinori ???????? ????, ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? "?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????" ????? 1873 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?. ???? ?????, ??? ???, ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? Satsuma ???? (?kubo Toshimichi ?? Saig? Takamori), ?? Ch?sh? ???? (??? Hirobumi, ?????? Aritomo, ?? Kido Takayoshi) ???, ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? Tokugawa Shogunate ????????. ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????, ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????.

?????? [????????] ????? ???????: ?????? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????

???? ?????? ?????, ?? 1870 ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? (富??兵 fukoku ky?hei?) "????? ????????, ??? ?????? '?? ???? ???? ???? ??? 1905 ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???.

???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? shogunate, daimyo, ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???.

1868 ??, ????? Tokugawa ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????, "???????? ?????" ???? ????? ??? ?????. Fuhanken Sanchisei ???, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????: (? 府 ??) ?????? ???????, ??????? ??????? (? ? ????) ?? ???? ????? ????. 1869 ??, shogunate ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? Tosa, Hizen, Satsuma ?? Ch?sh? ????, ?? daimyo, "???????? ??? ???? ????" ????? ???? ??. ????? daimyo ????, ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ????????, ??? ?????? ????? "????" ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????