????????

?????????????
????? ??? ????? ????????

?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? [?] ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?

??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? (UTC)???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????; ????????? - ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? UTC???:?? , ????? ???? ??? ????? UTC+??:?? , ?????? ???? ??? ????? UTC+??:?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? UTC+??:?? ?

????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?

?????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???, [?] ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?

???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?

?????? ??? [ ???????? ]

???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???

??? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? - ??????? ????????? , ????????????? ?.? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ? [?] ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?

???? [ ???????? ]

  1. "3. From National to Uniform Time around the Globe" , The Global Transformation of Time , Harvard University Press, pp. 75?98, 2015-12-31, ISBN   978-0-674-91599-2 , retrieved 2020-11-01
  2. Du, Ruxu; Xie, Longhan (2013). The Mechanics of Mechanical Watches and Clocks . History of Mechanism and Machine Science (in ??????). Springer. doi : 10.1007/978-3-642-29308-5 . ISBN   978-3-642-29307-8 .
  3. "Latitude and Longitude of World Cities" . InfoPlease.com .

????? ????? [ ???????? ]