????????? ????????????

????????? ???????????? ( ???? ????? ?? - ???? ?????? ?? ) ?? ??????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ???? , ????????? , ????????? , ??????? , ??????????, ??????, ???????, ? ???????? ???????? ???? ^[?] ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ; ????????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????????; ? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ^[?]

???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ^[?] ??? ????????????? ???? ? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? "?????? ????????" ??????? ?????? ???? ^[?] ???? ???, ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ^[?]

???? ???? ???? ???? , ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????????, ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? "???????? ????" ??????????? ???? , ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???, ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ??????????? ???, ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ?

?? ??????????? ?????, ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??, ?????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ^[?] ???? ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ????? ???? ????????????, ^[?] ? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? ???? "? ?????? ???????" ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ??????????????? "???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????" ?????? ?? ^[?]

??????? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021
↑ Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries , New York, ????? : Richard B. Morris |doi= ??? ???? ( ?????? ) ?
↑ The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin , ??: ????
↑ Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence , ????, ??: ??? , ?????? ????? ??? ?, ???? ?
↑ "William Goddard and the Constitutional Post" , Smithsonian National Postal Museum , ?????? ????? ??????? ??, ???? ?
↑ Franklin Institute, Essay
↑ The Perennial Philadelphians: The Anatomy of an American Aristocracy , ??: ????
↑ Isaacson, 2004 , pp. 491?492.

[Britannica-1] Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021

[Morris1973-2] Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries , New York, ????? : Richard B. Morris |doi= ??? ???? ( ?????? ) ?

[3] The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin , ??: ????

[Goodrich1829-4] Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence , ????, ??: ??? , ?????? ????? ??? ?, ???? ?

[Smithsonian+Constitutional_Post-5] "William Goddard and the Constitutional Post" , Smithsonian National Postal Museum , ?????? ????? ??????? ??, ???? ?

[6] Franklin Institute, Essay

[7] The Perennial Philadelphians: The Anatomy of an American Aristocracy , ??: ????

[8] Isaacson, 2004 , pp. 491?492.

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