???????? ????????

???????? ???????? ; ???????? ? Benjamin Franklin
???? ?????? ? ?????	Silence Dogood
???? ?	17 ???????? 1706 […]
?????????	?????? , ?????????????? ???? ????? , ???????? ?????????
??????? ?	17 ????? 1790 […] (84 ?????????)
??????? ????	?????????? , ??????????? , ????????? ??????? ?????????
??????????????	?????????? ??????? ; ????????? ??????? ?????????
?????	???????????????
????????????	?????? ????????? ? ; ??????? ????????? ????? ?
??????????????	????????? ?????? , ????????? , ??????
??????????	???????????? ??????????
????? ?????????	???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? , ??? ?????? ?????????? ? , ??? ??????? ??????? ? , ????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ? , President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania ? ?? member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives ?
???????????	??????? ??????????? ??????????? , ????????? ????????????? ??????????? , ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? , ???????? ?????????????? ???????? , ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????? ????? , Pennsylvania Abolition Society ? , ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ? , ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ? , ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???????????????
???????	?????? ??? ???????? ?
???????	????? Josiah Franklin ? , ????? Abiah Folger ?
????????	??????? ???????? ? , ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?
	????????????? ;

???????? ???????? ( 17 ???????? 1706 ( 1706-01-17 ) ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[…], ?????? , ?????????????? ???? ????? , ???????? ????????? ^[4]^[5] - 17 ????? 1790 ( 1790-04-17 ) ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[…], ?????????? , ??????????? , ????????? ??????? ????????? ^[4]^[5]): ????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????, ????????, ????????, ???????, ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????

???????? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ????????, ?? ???? ? ?? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????, ????? ???-? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? (1783 ?.), ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? 13 ?????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????? 100 ???????? ?????????? ????, 1914 ??????????

????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

???????? ????????? ???? ? 1706 ???????? ????????? 7-?? ??????? ???? 15-?? ?????? ?? 17 ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????, ?? ????????? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? 12 ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ????????

1726-1728 ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ???? 1727 ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ≪???????????? ????≫ (≪Pennsylvania Gazette≫ 1729-1748), 1732-1758 ????????????? ≪?????? ??????? ???????≫ (≪Poor Richard's Almanack≫) ??????????

1728 ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ?????, ?? 1743 ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? 1731 ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, 1743 ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????, 1751 ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?? ????? ???? ? ????????????? ????????????? 1737 ????????? ?????? 1753 ???????? ???? ? ?????????????, 1753-1774 ?????????????? ??????-????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????

????????? 1754 ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ??, ??? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ??????? 1757-75 (???? 1762-65) ????????????? ??????-????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????, ???????? ? 2-?? ????-????????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ? 1776 ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? 1776 ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ???-? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????-????????? ??????? ????????? 1785 ????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????????

???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?, ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? (1789 ?. ????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ?????)? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ≪??? ??????≫ ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???? ? (1787 ?.)?

????????? ??????? ? 1790 ???????? ?????? 17-??? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? 20 ????? ?????

?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?'?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????, ??????????, ????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ??, ?? ????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????????, ?? ????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????????????, ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ??????????, ???????

????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????

2008 ???????? ?????? ?????????: ????????? ????????? ??????? ???, ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????:

??????? ?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? (?????????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ??????, ??????) ??????? ??

????????? ???????? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

????????? ?????? Lincoln Park Chicago-? ???
????????? ?????? Lincoln Park Chicago-? ???

??????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

???????? ???????? 1767
???????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ????

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 Bibliotheque nationale de France data.bnf.fr : open data platform ? 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a>
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ? 1994.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q547473 "></a>
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Internet Speculative Fiction Database ? 1995.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2629164 "></a>
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 ^4,4 ^4,5 Франклин Бенджамин // Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / под ред. А. М. Прохоров ? 3-е изд. ? М. : Советская энциклопедия , 1969.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q83552 "></a>
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 ^5,5 ^5,6 www.accademiadellescienze.it
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q107212659 "></a>
↑ Jackson S. Memoir of Isaac Parrish, M.D., read to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, February 2, 1853 ? ?????????? : J. B. Lippincott & Co. , 1853.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q15077094 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19517271 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1345 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19517296 "></a>
↑ Bibliotheque nationale de France Record #119034658 // BnF catalogue general ? Paris : BnF .
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q90 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q15222191 "></a>
↑ Elenco cronologico Soci Stranieri ? ANSXL .
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3603946 "></a>
↑ Benjamin Franklin

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q36524_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q27031827_citetype_Q595971"_data-entity-id="Q19938912"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:fr:Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France|Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France]]</i>_[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119034658_data.bnf.fr]:_open_data_platform<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2011.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563"></a></div>-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 Bibliotheque nationale de France data.bnf.fr : open data platform ? 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q35127"_data-entity-id="Q547473">Մակտյուտոր_մաթեմատիկայի_պատմության_արխիվ<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_1994.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q547473"></a></div>-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ? 1994.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q547473 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q1789476"_data-entity-id="Q2629164">Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_1995.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2629164"></a></div>-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Internet Speculative Fiction Database ? 1995.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2629164 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q3331189"_data-entity-id="Q17378135">Франклин_Бенджамин_//_[[:ru:Большая_советская_энциклопедия_(третье_издание)|Большая_советская_энциклопедия]]:_[в_30_т.]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_/_под_ред._[[:ru:Прохоров,_Александр_Михайлович|А.&nbsp;М.&nbsp;Прохоров]]_—_3-е_изд._—_<span_title="Москва"_style="border-bottom:_1px_dotted;_cursor:_help;_white-space:_nowrap">М.</span>:_[[:ru:Большая_российская_энциклопедия_(издательство)|Советская_энциклопедия]],_1969.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q83552"></a></div>-4] 4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 ^4,4 ^4,5 Франклин Бенджамин // Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / под ред. А. М. Прохоров ? 3-е изд. ? М. : Советская энциклопедия , 1969.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q83552 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q35127"_data-entity-id="Q107212659">www.accademiadellescienze.it<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q107212659"></a></div>-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 ^5,5 ^5,6 www.accademiadellescienze.it
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q107212659 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q7725634"_data-entity-id="Q19517271"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:d:Q19517296|Jackson&nbsp;S.]]</i>_[[:d:Q19517271|Memoir_of_Isaac_Parrish,_M.D.,_read_to_the_College_of_Physicians_of_Philadelphia,_February_2,_1853]]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_[[:d:Q1345|Ֆիլատելֆիա]]:_[[:d:Q15077094|J._B._Lippincott_&_Co.]],_1853.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q15077094"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19517271"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1345"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19517296"></a></div>-6] Jackson S. Memoir of Isaac Parrish, M.D., read to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, February 2, 1853 ? ?????????? : J. B. Lippincott & Co. , 1853.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q15077094 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19517271 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1345 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19517296 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q856638_citetype_Q1982918_citetype_Q1789476"_data-entity-id="Q15222191"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:fr:Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France|Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France]]</i>_[http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119034658_Record_#119034658]_//_[[:d:Q15222191|BnF_catalogue_général]]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_[[:Փարիզ|Paris]]:_[[:fr:Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France|BnF]].</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q90"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q15222191"></a></div>-7] Bibliotheque nationale de France Record #119034658 // BnF catalogue general ? Paris : BnF .
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q90 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q15222191 "></a>

[[http://www.accademiaxl.it/accademia/elenco-cronologico-soci-stranieri/_Elenco_cronologico_Soci_Stranieri]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_[[:it:Accademia_Nazionale_delle_Scienze_detta_dei_XL|ANSXL]].</span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3603946"></a></div>-8] Elenco cronologico Soci Stranieri ? ANSXL .
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3603946 "></a>

[[http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/franklin_b/franklin_b.html_Benjamin_Franklin]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div_style="display:none"></div>-9] Benjamin Franklin

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