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???-???	28 ?????? 1950 (73 ???) ; ???????
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?????	??????? ???????? ?? ?????? (fa) ; ???? ???? ?????? (fa) ; The Bronx High School of Science (en) ;
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????	?????????? (fa) ; ????????? (fa) ; astrophysicist (en) ; ??????? (fa)
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?????	???? ????? ????? ( ???? ) ; ??? ????? ????? ?????? (fa) ; Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (en) ;

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?????????? ???????? ≪ ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ≫? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???. (???????? ???? ?? ????? ????).
“The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993” . Nobelprize.org . Retrieved 1 July 2023 .

↑ ??? ??? ????? ???: ??????????? . ??? ?? ???? ????: ???????.
↑ " The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 " . nobelprize.org ( ??????? ??). ????? ???? . Retrieved 5 February 2021 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= ( help ) ??????? ??????:???? ???????? ( link )
↑ " Table showing prize amounts " (PDF) ( ??????? ??). ????? ???? . ????? ???? . Retrieved 5 February 2021 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= ? |date= ( help ) ??????? ??????:???? ???????? ( link )