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大阪市
??? ; 大阪市
Designated city
	City of Osaka
	Night view from Umeda Sky Building ; D?tonbori and Ts?tenkaku ; Shitenn?-ji , Sumiyoshi taisha and Osaka Castle
	; Flag
	; Flag
	??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????
Country	??????
Region	???????
Prefecture	??? ????????
?????????????
? Mayor	Hirofumi Yoshimura ( ORA )
???????????
? Designated city	223.00 ?.??.??. (86.10 ? ??)
??????? (January 1, 2012)
? Designated city	2,668,586 ( 3rd )
? ?????????????	19,341,976 ( 2nd )
???????	UTC+9 ( Japan Standard Time )
- Tree	Cherry
- Flower	Pansy
Phone number	06-6208-8181
Address	1-3-20 Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, ?saka-shi, ?saka-fu ; 530-8201
??????????	www .city .osaka .lg .jp

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka

????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ( Osaka ( 大阪市 , ?saka-shi ^?) Japanese pronunciation: [oːsaka] ; listen ^ⓘ) ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????.

??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????????????? ????? ??.??. ???? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????. 645 ???? 655 ??? ??? ????????? ?????????????????. ^[1]

??? ??????????????????????? ? ????, ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????,(天下の台所) ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ? ????. ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

??????? [ ????????? ]

???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? [ ????????? ]

??.??. ???? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ( 森ノ宮遺跡) ???????????????. ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????. ^[2]

????? ????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????????. ^[2]^[6]

???? - ??? ???????? [ ????????? ]

???? ??????????? (?.?? 711-712) ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? 390?430 ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ^[7] ??????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????-???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ^[1] ????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????????. 655-? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ?????, ??? ?????????????????????? ?????? ????????????, ????? ????????. ^[2]^[8] ???????? 744-745 ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????.

???? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? [ ????????? ]

??? ???????????? (1603?1867) ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????????, ^[9] ? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???, ???????????????????????? ?????? ??????????.

1780 ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????. ^[10]

???????????? [ ????????? ]

??? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????????, ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????. ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ???????. ??? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ????.

1889-? ??? ???? ????????????????????? ???????? ???, ???? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? 15.27 square kilometres (3,773 acres) ?????????????????. ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? 222.30 square kilometres (54,932 acres) ???? ?? ???????????????? ??????????????????, ???? ??????? ?????? 1925-? ?????????(126.01 square kilometres (31,138 acres)). ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????????? 37.5 metres (123.0 ft) ???????? ??????????????? ?????-????? , ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ???????? ?2.2 metres (?7.2 ft) ??????????????? ???????????-?? ???. ^[11]

???????? [ ????????? ]

??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????????. (?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? Cfa). ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????????. ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 9.3 °C (49 °F) ???. ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????????. ???????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????. ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ????? ???? ?? ???????????. ^[12] ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????????, ?????? - ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 35 °C (95 °F), ?????????? ?????? 25 °C (77 °F) ?????????? ???.

Osaka, Osaka (1981?2010) ?????????? ????????
????	???	??????	???	?????	????	???	????	??	????	???	???	????	????
?????? ????? °C (°F)	9.5 (49.1)	10.2 (50.4)	13.7 (56.7)	19.9 (67.8)	24.5 (76.1)	27.8 (82)	31.6 (88.9)	33.4 (92.1)	29.3 (84.7)	23.3 (73.9)	17.6 (63.7)	12.3 (54.1)	21.1 (70)
???????? ?????? °C (°F)	6.0 (42.8)	6.3 (43.3)	9.4 (48.9)	15.1 (59.2)	19.7 (67.5)	23.5 (74.3)	27.4 (81.3)	28.8 (83.8)	25.0 (77)	19.0 (66.2)	13.6 (56.5)	8.6 (47.5)	16.9 (62.4)
?????? ??????? °C (°F)	2.8 (37)	2.9 (37.2)	5.6 (42.1)	10.7 (51.3)	15.6 (60.1)	20.0 (68)	24.3 (75.7)	25.4 (77.7)	21.7 (71.1)	15.5 (59.9)	9.9 (49.8)	5.1 (41.2)	13.3 (55.9)
??/????? mm (inches)	45.4 (1.787)	61.7 (2.429)	104.2 (4.102)	103.8 (4.087)	145.5 (5.728)	184.5 (7.264)	157.0 (6.181)	90.9 (3.579)	160.7 (6.327)	112.3 (4.421)	69.3 (2.728)	43.8 (1.724)	1,279 (50.354)
?????????? cm (inches)	1 (0.4)	1 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (1.2)
???. ??/????? ???????? (≥ 1.0 mm)	5.6	6.3	9.9	9.3	10.0	11.2	9.9	6.9	9.4	7.9	6.2	5.5	98.1
???. ????? ????????	5.0	6.3	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.9	15.5
% ??????	61	60	59	59	62	68	70	66	67	65	64	62	64
???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????	142.6	135.4	159.5	188.6	194.3	156.2	182.1	216.9	156.7	163.9	148.5	151.6	1,996.4
Source #1: Japan Meteorological Agency ^[13]
??????#2: World Meteorological Organization (rainy days) ^[14]

??????? [ ????????? ]

Osaka
Year	Pop.	±%
1900	8,81,344	?
1910	12,39,373	+40.6%
1920	17,98,295	+45.1%
1930	24,53,573	+36.4%
1940	32,52,340	+32.6%
1965	31,56,222	?3.0%
1970	29,80,487	?5.6%
1975	27,78,987	?6.8%
1980	26,48,180	?4.7%
1985	26,36,249	?0.5%
1990	26,23,801	?0.5%
1995	26,02,421	?0.8%
2000	25,98,774	?0.1%
2005	26,28,811	+1.2%
2010	26,66,371	+1.4%

2005-?? ?????? ??????? ????? 2,628,811 ????? ???????????, ??? 2000-??????????????? 30,037 ???? 1.2% ???????????????? ????????????. ^[15]

????? 1,280,325 ?????? ?????, ??? ????????? ?????? 2.1 ????? ?????????????. ?????????? ??????? ????????????? 11,836 ???. 1920-??? 1930-??? ?????, ?????? ????????????????????? ????? ??????????, ? ????????? ??????? ???????????????????????. 1930-?? ??????? ?? 2,453,573 ???????? ?????????? ?????????? 2,070,913-??????? ???????????????, 1930-? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???. ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? 1940-????? 3,252,340 ?????????, ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? 1965-?? 3,156,222 ???, ???????? ??????? ????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? 71,015 ?????? ??????? 11,848 ?????? ??????? ?????????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "史跡　難波宮跡, 財?法人大阪都市協? (Naniwa Palace Site, by Osaka Toshi Kyokai)" (in ?????????). Archived from the original on 2007-05-02 . Retrieved 2007-03-25 .
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 "Historical Overview, the City of Osaka official homepage" . Archived from the original on March 22, 2009 . Retrieved 2009-03-21 . Navigate to the equivalent Japanese page (大阪市の?史タイムトリップ20,000年 (History of Osaka, A timetrip back 20,000 years)) [1] Archived 2009-02-26 at the Wayback Machine . for additional information.
↑ Aprodicio A. Laquian (2005). Beyond metropolis: the planning and governance of Asia's mega-urban regions . Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. p. 27 . ISBN 0-8018-8176-5 .
↑ edited by James L. McClain and Wakita Osamu (1999). Osaka, the merchants' capital of early modern Japan . Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-8014-3630-3 . {{ cite book }}: |author= has generic name ( help )
↑ Robert C. Hsu (1999). The MIT encyclopedia of the Japanese economy . Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. p. 327 . ISBN 0-262-08280-2 .
↑ Wada, Stephanie (2003). Tsuneko S. Sadao, Stephanie Wada, Discovering the Arts of Japan: A Historical Overview . ISBN 978-4-7700-2939-3 . Retrieved 2007-03-25 .
↑ 大石?三?「日本の遷都の系譜」、『學習院大學經濟論集』第28?第3?、?習院大?、1991年10月、 31-41頁、 NAID 110007523974。P.31
↑ edited by Peter G. Stone and Philippe G. Planel (1999). The constructed past: experimental archaeology, education, and the public . London: Routledge in association with English Heritage. p. 68 . ISBN 0-415-11768-2 . {{ cite book }}: |author= has generic name ( help )
↑ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on March 22, 2009 . Retrieved March 21, 2009 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )
↑ C. Andrew Gerstle, Kabuki Heroes on the Osaka Stage 1780-1830 (2005)
↑ http://www.city.osaka.jp/keikakuchousei/toukei/G000/Gyh19/Gb00/Gb00.html ^{[
???????????????? ?????
]}
↑ Agency, ?象? Japan Meteorological. "?象? - 過去の梅雨入りと梅雨明け（近畿）" .
↑ "平年値（年?月ごとの値）" . Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved June 28, 2013 .
↑ "World Weather Information Service - Osaka" . World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 2017-02-07 . Retrieved June 28, 2013 .
↑ "2005 Population Census" . Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning (Statistical Standards) and Statistical Research and Training Institute, Japan . Retrieved 2009-02-18 .

[osaka-cpa.or.jp-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "史跡　難波宮跡, 財?法人大阪都市協? (Naniwa Palace Site, by Osaka Toshi Kyokai)" (in ?????????). Archived from the original on 2007-05-02 . Retrieved 2007-03-25 .

[osakahist-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 "Historical Overview, the City of Osaka official homepage" . Archived from the original on March 22, 2009 . Retrieved 2009-03-21 . Navigate to the equivalent Japanese page (大阪市の?史タイムトリップ20,000年 (History of Osaka, A timetrip back 20,000 years)) [1] Archived 2009-02-26 at the Wayback Machine . for additional information.

[Aprodicio_A._Laquian_2005_27-3] Aprodicio A. Laquian (2005). Beyond metropolis: the planning and governance of Asia's mega-urban regions . Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. p. 27 . ISBN 0-8018-8176-5 .

[edited_by_James_L._McClain_and_Wakita_Osamu_1999_67-4] ted by James L. McClain and Wakita Osamu (1999). Osaka, the merchants' capital of early modern Japan . Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-8014-3630-3 . {{ cite book }}: |author= has generic name ( help )

[Robert_C._Hsu_1999_327-5] Robert C. Hsu (1999). The MIT encyclopedia of the Japanese economy . Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. p. 327 . ISBN 0-262-08280-2 .

[books.google.com-6] Wada, Stephanie (2003). Tsuneko S. Sadao, Stephanie Wada, Discovering the Arts of Japan: A Historical Overview . ISBN 978-4-7700-2939-3 . Retrieved 2007-03-25 .

[7] 大石?三?「日本の遷都の系譜」、『學習院大學經濟論集』第28?第3?、?習院大?、1991年10月、 31-41頁、 NAID 110007523974。P.31

[edited_by_Peter_G._Stone_and_Philippe_G._Planel_1999_68-8] ted by Peter G. Stone and Philippe G. Planel (1999). The constructed past: experimental archaeology, education, and the public . London: Routledge in association with English Heritage. p. 68 . ISBN 0-415-11768-2 . {{ cite book }}: |author= has generic name ( help )

[Osaka_city-9] "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on March 22, 2009 . Retrieved March 21, 2009 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )

[C._Andrew_Gerstle_2005-10] C. Andrew Gerstle, Kabuki Heroes on the Osaka Stage 1780-1830 (2005)

[city.osaka.jp-11] ttp://www.city.osaka.jp/keikakuchousei/toukei/G000/Gyh19/Gb00/Gb00.html ^{[
???????????????? ?????
]}

[12] Agency, ?象? Japan Meteorological. "?象? - 過去の梅雨入りと梅雨明け（近畿）" .

[JMA-13] "平年値（年?月ごとの値）" . Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved June 28, 2013 .

[WMO-14] "World Weather Information Service - Osaka" . World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 2017-02-07 . Retrieved June 28, 2013 .

[C2005-15] "2005 Population Census" . Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning (Statistical Standards) and Statistical Research and Training Institute, Japan . Retrieved 2009-02-18 .

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