??????? , ????????? , ?????????? ( ????. ???? - ???????, ???????, ???????????) ? ?????????, ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? . ??????? ?????????? (?????????) ????? ????????? ??????? - ?????? , ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????, ???????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ????????, ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? .

??????????? ????? ??????????? ? ??????, ?????, ????????, ????????, ???????, ???????, ???????, ?????, ??????, ???????, ???????, ?????????, ??????, ????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????????? ????????? (?????????) ??????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner ? The Islamic Supreme Council of America.
• Muhammad and the First Muslim Ummah ? University of Chicago
• Islamophobia Today Newspaper ???????????? 2021-09-22 ?????? Wayback Machine . ? An Islamophobia news clearing house
• Sammy Aziz Rahmatti, Understanding and Countering Islamophobia
• WikiSaurus:Muslim
• Understanding Islam (7 April 2008). ????????? ??????: 25 August 2010
• Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents . Adherents.com. ????????????? ???????????? ? 29 ??????? 2010. ????????? ??????: 3 July 2007

?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? . ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? .