Olimpiade Kuno

Palaestra di Olympia , sebuah tempat yang dipakai untuk melatih para pegulat dan atlet lainnya

Olimpiade Kuno awalnya adalah sebuah perayaan atau selebrasi untuk Zeus . Kemudian, lomba-lomba seperti balap lari, lompat jauh, lempar lembing, dan adu gulat ditambahkan. Permainan Olimpiade ( bahasa Yunani Kuno : ?λ?μπια , Olympia , ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] "Olimpiade"; juga ?λυμπι?? , Olympias , ^[7]^[4]^[5]^[6] "Olimpiad") adalah serangkaian kompetisi atletik di antara para perwakilan kota-negara dan salah satu Permainan Panhallenik dari Yunani kuno . Acara tersebut diadakan untuk menghormati Zeus . Olimpiade pertama dikatakan diadakan pada 776 SM. ^[8] Acara tersebut masih diadakan saat Yunani berada di bawah kekuasaan Romawi , sampai kaisar Theodosius I menekan acara tersebut pada 393 M sebagai bagian kampanye pengangkatan Kristen sebagai agama negara Romawi . Pertandingan tersebut diadakan setiap empat tahun, atau olympiad , yang menjadi unit waktu dalam kronologi sejarah.

Catatan [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

^ ?λ?μπια . Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ; An Intermediate Greek?English Lexicon at the Perseus Project .
^ "15-04-16 Χαιρετισμ?? των Υπουργ?ν Ν.Φ?λη και Α.Μπαλτ? για την Παγκ?σμια Ημ?ρα Μνημε?ων και Τοποθεσι?ν" . Greek ministry of Education Research and Religious affairs . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2016. Πανελλ?νια συμμετοχ? ε?χαν: τα Ολ?μπια, που διεξ?γονταν κ?θε τ?σσερα χρ?νια στην Αρχα?α Ολυμπ?α προ? τιμ?ν του Δι??
^ Francis Edward Jackson VALPY (1832). Second Greek Delectus; or, new Analecta Minora ... With English notes, and a copious Greek and English lexicon, etc . hlm. 1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b Grieksch leesboek voor eerstbeginnenden: ingerigt ten dienste der Hollandsche jeugd . H.C.A. Thieme. 1811. hlm. 248. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b Henry Cary (1843). A Lexicon to Herodotus, Greek and English, Adapted to the Text of Grisford and Bachr . J. Vincent and. hlm. 279. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b Fridericus Gulielmus Sturz (1818). Etymologicum graciae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita Accedunt notae ad Aymologicion magnum ineditae E. H. Barkeri, Innr. Bekkeri, Lud. Kulencampii, Amad. Peyronialiorumque . Weigel. hlm. 371. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 December 2016.
^ ?λυμπι?? in Middle Liddell and Scott .
^ "History" . Olympic Games . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 August 2016 . Diakses tanggal 11 August 2016 .

Referensi [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

Gardiner, E. N. (1910). Greek athletic sports and festivals . London : Macmillan.
Gardiner, E. Norman, Athletics of the Ancient World , 246 pages, 200+ illustrations, with new material, Oxford University Press, 1930
Young, David C. (2004). A Brief History of the Olympic Games (PDF) . Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-1130-0 . Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-08-11 . Diakses tanggal 2019-04-08 .
Miller, Stephen G. (2006). Ancient Greek Athletics . Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11529-1 .
Golden, Mark, Sport and Society in Ancient Greece , Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Hansen, Mogens Herman (2006). Polis, an Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920849-4 . Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010 .
Hanson, Victor Davis; Strassler, Robert B. (1996). The Landmark Thucydides . New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-9087-3 . Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010 .
Kotynski, Edward J. The Athletics of the Ancient Olympics: A Summary and Research Tool . 2006. ( 2009-10-25); new link
Kyle, Donald G. (2007). Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World . Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-22970-4 . Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010 .
Mallowitz, Alfred. Cult and Competition Locations at Olympia . Raschke 79?109.
Miller, Stephen. "The Date of Olympic Festivals". Mitteilungen: Des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung. Vol. 90 (1975): 215?237.
Patay-Horvath, Andras (2015). The Origins of the Olympic Games . Budapest: Archaeolingua Foundation. ISBN 978-963-9911-72-7 .
Raschke, Wendy J. (1988). The Archaeology of the Olympics: the Olympics and Other Festivals in Antiquity . Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin University Press. ISBN 978-0-299-11334-6 . Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010 .
Remijsen, Sofie. The End of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Spivey, Nigel (2005). The Ancient Olympics . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280433-4 . Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010 .
Stanton, Richard (2000). The Forgotten Olympic Art Competitions:The story of the Olympic art competitions of the 20th century . Victoria, Canada: Trafford. ISBN 978-1-55212-606-6 . Diakses tanggal 23 February 2010 .
Swaddling, Judith (1999). The ancient Olympic Games . Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-77751-4 . Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010 .
Tufts ? "Women and the Games"
Ancient Olympics. Research by K. U. Leuven and Peking University

Bacaan tambahan [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

Christesen, Paul. 2007. Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Lee, Hugh M. 2001. The Program and Schedule of the Ancient Olympic Games. Nikephoros Beihefte 6. Hildesheim, Germany: Weidmann.
Nielsen, Thomas Heine. 2007. Olympia and the Classical Hellenic City-State Culture. Historisk-filosofiske Meddeleser 96. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
Sinn, Ulrich. 2000. Olympia: Cult, Sport, and Ancient Festival. Princeton, NJ: M. Wiener.
Valavanis, Panos. 2004. Games and Sanctuaries in Ancient Greece: Olympia, Delphi, Isthmia, Nemea, Athens. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.

Pranala luar [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

The Ancient Olympic Games virtual museum (requires registration)
Olympiakoi Agones
Ancient Olympics : General and detailed information
The Ancient Olympics : A special exhibit
The story of the Ancient Olympic Games Diarsipkan 2008-05-01 di Wayback Machine .
The origin of the Olympics
Olympia and Macedonia: Games, Gymnasia and Politics . Thomas F. Scanlon, professor of Classics, University of California
List of Macedonian Olympic winners (in Greek)
Webquest The ancient and modern Olympic Games
Goddess Nike and the Olympic Games: Excellence, Glory and Strife

[perseus.tuft.edu-1] ?λ?μπια . Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ; An Intermediate Greek?English Lexicon at the Perseus Project .

[2] "15-04-16 Χαιρετισμ?? των Υπουργ?ν Ν.Φ?λη και Α.Μπαλτ? για την Παγκ?σμια Ημ?ρα Μνημε?ων και Τοποθεσι?ν" . Greek ministry of Education Research and Religious affairs . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2016. Πανελλ?νια συμμετοχ? ε?χαν: τα Ολ?μπια, που διεξ?γονταν κ?θε τ?σσερα χρ?νια στην Αρχα?α Ολυμπ?α προ? τιμ?ν του Δι??

[VALPY1832-3] Francis Edward Jackson VALPY (1832). Second Greek Delectus; or, new Analecta Minora ... With English notes, and a copious Greek and English lexicon, etc . hlm. 1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2017.

[Dutch_dictionary-4] Grieksch leesboek voor eerstbeginnenden: ingerigt ten dienste der Hollandsche jeugd . H.C.A. Thieme. 1811. hlm. 248. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2017.

[Cary1843-5] Henry Cary (1843). A Lexicon to Herodotus, Greek and English, Adapted to the Text of Grisford and Bachr . J. Vincent and. hlm. 279. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2017.

[Sturz1818-6] Fridericus Gulielmus Sturz (1818). Etymologicum graciae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita Accedunt notae ad Aymologicion magnum ineditae E. H. Barkeri, Innr. Bekkeri, Lud. Kulencampii, Amad. Peyronialiorumque . Weigel. hlm. 371. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 December 2016.

[Middle_Liddell-7] ?λυμπι?? in Middle Liddell and Scott .

[olym_Olym-8] "History" . Olympic Games . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 August 2016 . Diakses tanggal 11 August 2016 .

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Pengawasan otoritas
Perpustakaan nasional	Amerika Serikat
Lain-lain	SUDOC (Prancis) 1