William Shakespeare
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Breith
| Aibrean 1564
Stratford-upon-Avon (Riocht Shasana)
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Bas
| 23 Aibrean 1616
(Iulach)
51/52 bliana d'aois
Stratford-upon-Avon (Riocht Shasana)
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Siocair bhais
| Bas nadurtha
(luach anaithnid)
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Ait adhlactha
| Holy Trinity Church
(en)
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Scoil a d'fhreastail se/si
| King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon
(en)
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Ait chonaithe
| Stratford-upon-Avon
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Teanga dhuchais
| Nua-Bhearla Moch
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Reimse oibre
| Ficsean
,
amharclannaiocht
,
English drama
(en)
,
dramaiocht
,
filiocht
agus
aisteoireacht
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Gairm
| dramadoir
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Treimhse ama
| English Renaissance
(en)
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Seanra
| Drama
agus
filiocht
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Faoi thionchar
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Teangacha
| Nua-Bhearla Moch
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Saothar suntasach
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Ceile
| Anne Hathaway
(1582
(Iulach)
–1616
(Iulach)
)
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Paiste
| Susanna Hall
,
Hamnet Shakespeare
,
Judith Quiney
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Athair
| John Shakespeare
agus
Mary Shakespeare
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Siblin
| Joan Shakespeare
,
Edmund Shakespeare
,
Gilbert Shakespeare
,
Richard Shakespeare
,
Anne Shakespeare
,
Margaret Shakespeare
agus
Joan Shakespeare
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Aisteoir
,
dramadoir
agus
file
Sasanach a bhi i
William Shakespeare
(baisteadh
26 Aibrean
,
1564
?
23 Aibrean
,
1616
), a meastar go forleathan gurbh e an scribhneoir
Bearla
is fearr ariamh e.
Rugadh Shakespeare i mbaile
Stratford-upon-Avon
, i
Sasana
i
mi an Aibreain
1564
, mac le John Shakespeare, deantoir miotog, agus a bhean Mary Arden. Ta se scriofa ar a theastas breithe gur baisteadh e ar
an seu la fichead de mhi an Aibreain
an bhliain sin. Ta fhios againn nach mbiodh leanai thar chupla la d'aois nuair a bhaisti iad, agus shocraigh na staraithe ar an triu la fichead mar a la breithe. Ta se aisiuil an data sin a roghnu - fuair se bas ar an la sin sa bhliain
1616
? agus fosta ta se foirsteanach do b’fheidir an dramadoir ab fhearr a bhi riamh ag Sasana, no is sin la Fheile Seoirse, Naomh-Phatrun Shasana.
Cuireadh an dli ar athair Shakespeare, a bhi rachmasach nuair a thainig William ar an saol, as ucht bheith pairteach i margadh dubh na holla, agus cuireadh an ruaig air as a phost mar sheanoir baile. Ta fianaise ann go raibh daimh ag dha thaobh an teaghlaigh leis an
Chaitliceachas
.
Mar mhac oifigigh iomraitigh baile, is docha gur fhreastail William Shakespeare ar scoil ghramadai Stratford, ait ar cuireadh oideachas trean ar fail i ngramadach na Laidine agus sa Litriocht. Nil fianaise ar bith le fail go bhfuair se scolaiocht rialta ar bith thar seo.
Phos Shakespeare Anne Hathaway, a bhi ocht mbliana nios sine na e, ar an
ochtu la fichead de Shamhain
1582
ag Temple Grafton in aice le Stratford. Ba bheirt chomharsana de chuid Anne, Fulk Sanders agus John Richards, a chuaigh i mbannai orthu nach raibh toirmeasc phosta ar bith orthu. Ma d’eagraigh siad an bhainis faoi dheifir, bhi ga leis mar go raibh Anne ag iompar clainne le tri mhi. Tar eis a phosta is beag rian a d’fhag William Shakespeare ar leabhar na staire gur nocht se aris i saol liteartha
Londan
.
Ar an
seu la fichead de Bhealtaine
,
1583
baisteadh an chead duine clainne, Susanna i Stratford. Baisteadh mac, Hamnet, agus inion, Judith, ar an
dara la de mhi Feabhra
1585
. Sa bhliain
1592
, bhi oiread caile tuillte ag Shakespeare gur mhaslaigh Robert Greene e go poibli mar “an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tygers hart wrapt in a Players hide supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blanke verse as the best of you: and beeing an absolute Johannes factotum, is in his owne conceit the onely Shake-scene in a countrey.” (Is scigaithris ata ar siul anseo aige leis an line “Oh, Tiger’s heart wrapped in a woman’s hide” ar bhain Shakespeare usaid as sa drama Henry VI, cuid a 3).
Sa bhliain
1596
fuair Hamnet bas agus cuireadh ar an
aonu la deag de Lunasa
na bliana sin e. De bharr na gcosulachtai idir na hainmneacha, deirtear gur seo a spreag Shakespeare le ‘The Tragical History of Hamlet the Prince of Denmark’ a scriobh. Sa bhliain
1598
bhi Shakespeare ina chonai i bparoiste
St. Helen’s Bishopsgate
, agus ta a ainm le fail ar bharr liosta aisteoiri a leirigh an drama ‘Every man in his Humour’, a scriobh mordhramadoir eile na linne sin,
Ben Jonson
.
Faoin am seo ba dhramadoir,
scribhneoir
agus aisteoir e agus sciar aige i gcomplacht dramaiochta ar a dtugtai The Lord Chamberlain’s Men a bhi ainmnithe as a n-urra uasal, an Tiarna Chamberlain e fein. Bhi an oiread sin caile agus measa ar an chomhlacht tar eis bhas
Eilis I
gurbh e an Ri ur e fein,
Seamas I
, a rinne urraiocht orthu agus ghlac siad ainm ur, ‘The King’s Men’.
D’fhoilsigh Shakespeare na
soineid
sa bhliain
1609
. Is danta gra an mhorchuid acu ina ndeantar ceiliuradh ar chumainn agus ta siad breac le leath-thagairti homaighneasacha chuig fear og (fair lord). Scriobhadh tuilleadh acu do bhean dhorcha, ‘dark lady’.
D’eirigh Shakespeare as an scribhneoireacht sa bhliain 1611, agus fuair se bas ar an
triu la fichead de mhi Aibreain
1616
. Bhi se posta ar Anne go la a bhais agus d’fhag se beirt inionacha, Susanna agus Judith, ina dhiaidh.
Ta uaigh Shakespeare le feiceail i Seipeal na Trionoide Naofa i Stratford-on-Avon agus an feartlaoi cailiuil seo greanta air a thuama:
- Good friend, for Jesus’ sake forbear,
- To dig the dust enclosed here.
- Blest be the man who spares these stones,
- But cursed be he that moves my bones.
Ta raflai ann a deir go bhfuil tuilleadh abhair a scriobh Shakespeare sa tuama leis, ach an rabhadh i ndairire ata i bhfocail an fheartlaoi no piosa grinn dhramatuil o shardhramadoir?
Coimeidi
- The Tempest
- The Two Gentlemen of Verona
- The Merry Wives of Windsor
- Measure for Measure
- The Comedy of Errors
- Much Ado About Nothing
- Love's Labour's Lost
- A Midsummer Night's Dream
- The Merchant of Venice
- As You Like It
- Taming of the Shrew
- All's Well That Ends Well
- Twelfth Night or What You Will
- The Winter's Tale
- Pericles, Prince of Tyre
- The Two Noble Kinsmen
- Cymbeline
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Startha
- King John
- Richard II
- Henry IV, part 1
- Henry IV, part 2
- Henry V
- Henry VI, part 1
- Henry VI, part 2
- Henry VI, part 3
- Richard III
- Henry VIII
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Traigeidi
- Romeo & Juliet
- Coriolanus
- Titus Andronicus
- Timon of Athens
- Julius Caesar
- Macbeth
- Hamlet
- Troilus and Cressida
- King Lear
- Othello
- Antony and Cleopatra
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Danta
- Shakespeare's Sonnets
- Venus and Adonis
- The Rape of Lucrece
- The Passionate Pilgrim
- The Phoenix and the Turtle
- A Lover's Complaint
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Dramai caillte
- Love's Labour's Won
- Cardenio
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Apacrafa
- Edmund Ironside (drama)
- Edward III
- Sir Thomas More
- Arden of Faversham
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