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?????? ???????? (1979?1996) (according to the KDPI)	????? ???????? (1979?1996) (according to the KDPI)
	?????? ?????????? ???????? (1980?2000)(according to the KDPI) ; 15,000+ individuals killed (1946?present)

????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ^[??]^[?]^[?] ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ^[?]^[??]^[??] ?? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ^[??]^[??] ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ???????. ^[?] ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ^[?] ?? ??? ???? ^{^{[
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]}}? ????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ^[??]

???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???. ^[??]

?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????. ^[??] ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? (????? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ) ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ^[??]^[??]^[??] ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ^[??] ? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???????. ^[??]^[??] ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????. ^[??]^[??]^[??]

??? ???? ???? ??????? [ ?????? ]

???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????. ^[??]

???? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? (?.?. ?) ?? ??? ????? ??????. ^[??]^[??]^[??] ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?.?. ? ?? ??? ????. ^[??]^[??] ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? (KCK: ???? : Koma Civaken Kurdistan ) ?????. ^[??]^[??]

???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ???. ^[??]^[??] ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???. ^[??]

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ^[??] ?????? ????? ? ^[??] ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????. ^[??]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? Benjamin Smith. Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective .P.10. "The Kurds of Iran: Opportunistic and Failed Resistance, 1918?". [?]
↑ AYLIN UNVER NOI. The Arab Spring - its effects on the Kurds and the approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria and Iraq on the Kurdish issue. Gloria Center. 1 July 2012. "There is a long history of tension between the Kurds and the government in Iran. This began with Reza Shah Pahlavi recapturing the lands that Kurdish leaders had gained control of between 1918 and 1922."; "Iran fears that the creation of a semi-autonomous state in northern Iraq might motivate its own Kurdish minority to press for greater independence. However, Iran’s concern about Kurdish separatism does not approach the level of Turkey’s concern. Still, there have been repeated clashes between Kurds and Iranian security forces" [?] ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine
↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? Elling, Rasmus Christian (2013). Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini . New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-11584-2 . OCLC 714725127 . ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪elling≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? University of Arkansas. Political Science department. Iran/Kurds (1943-present). Retrieved 09 September 2012. [?] ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪uarkansas≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
↑ ≪???? ????? ???≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? .
↑ Iran: Freedom of Expression and Association in the Kurdish Regions. 2009. "This 42-page report documents how Iranian authorities use security laws, press laws, and other legislation to arrest and prosecute Iranian Kurds solely for trying to exercise their right to freedom of expression and association. The use of these laws to suppress basic rights, while not new, has greatly intensified since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad came to power in August 2005." [?]
↑ ^??? ^??? "KDPI leadership urges support for 'mountain struggle' " . Rudaw. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 February 2017 .
↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref>? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? hicks2000 ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
↑ "Iran/Kurds (1943?present)" . Archived from the original on 25 January 2016 . Retrieved 23 January 2016 .
↑ William Mark Habeeb, Rafael D. Frankel, Mina Al-Oraibi. The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution, and Change. ABC-CLIO publishing. P.46. [?]
↑ Chubin, Shahram ; Zabih, Sepehr (1974). The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-Power Conflict . Berkeley: University of California Press . p. 312 . ISBN 978-0-520-02683-4 . OCLC 1219525 .
↑ Hiltermann, Joost R. (2007). A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja . New York City: Cambridge University Press . p. 162 . ISBN 978-0-521-87686-5 . OCLC 77831064 .
↑ Contemporary Gulf . 1980
↑ Near East, North Africa report. 1994
↑ ????? ? ????? ????????: ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????." ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? 2004 ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? (???? ?? ????) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??." [?]
↑ ≪??????????≫ . ????????? ???? ?????.
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? ^???? Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview . London; New York: Routledge . pp. 17?19. ISBN 978-0-415-07265-6 . OCLC 24247652 .
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (1986). The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan . Syracuse, N.Y. : Syracuse University Press . pp. 186?187. ???? ‎????????????????? . OCLC 13762196.
↑ Romano, David (2006). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity . Cambridge Middle East studies, 22. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press . p. 240 . ISBN 978-0-521-85041-4 . OCLC 61425259 .
↑ Kreyenbroek, Philip G. ; Sperl, Stefan (1992). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview . London; New York: Routledge . pp. 138?141. ???? ‎????????????????? . OCLC 24247652.
↑ Kreyenbroek, Philip G. ; Sperl, Stefan (1992). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview . London; New York: Routledge . pp. 17?19. ???? ‎????????????????? . OCLC 24247652.
↑ ^???? ^???? "U.S. brands anti-Iran Kurdish group terrorist" . Reuters. February 4, 2009. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018.
↑ Iran says killed dozens in push on Kurdish rebels , Reuters (August 17, 2011).
↑ Jane's intelligence digest: the global early-warning service, P1, Jane's Information Group, 2009
↑ Freedman, Benjamin; Levitt, Matthew (December 8, 2009). "Contending with the PKK's Narco-Terrorism" . The Washington Institute for Near East Policy . Retrieved 2016-02-26 . the Treasury Department also listed the Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK), which is under the control of the Kongra-Gel
↑ Treasury Designates Free Life Party of Kurdistan a Terrorist Organization (press release), U.S. Department of the Treasury, (February 4, 2009).
↑ "Kurdish Info - The PKK and PJAK fighters of Qendil" . Archived from the original on 11 October 2008 . Retrieved 23 April 2017 .
↑ "Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops" . BBC News . April 8, 2007 . Retrieved May 22, 2010 .
↑ The Washington Institute
↑ James Calderwood. "Dreaming and fighting, the Kurdish guerillas who say 'to be free you must accept suffering' " . Retrieved 24 March 2015 .
↑ ????? ???????? ???? ????. ≪??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??≫ . ?? ??????? ???????? |????? ???????= ??????? ?? ( ??? )
↑ Narina, E (2010-01-30). "Kurdish prisoner executed in Iran" . WashingtonTV . Archived from the original on 25 December 2013 . Retrieved 2013-12-25 .
↑ "Turkey, Iran step up fights on PKK, PJAK" . Hurriyet Daily News. 26 July 2011 . Retrieved 18 March 2014 .
↑ "U.S. brands anti-Iran Kurdish group terrorist" . Reuters . February 4, 2009 . Retrieved February 9, 2009 .

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

PJAK website (?? ????? ? ?????? ? ???????)
Extract from article about Kurdish Iranian militants ?? ???? ????

[cornell10-1] ??? ^??? ^??? Benjamin Smith. Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective .P.10. "The Kurds of Iran: Opportunistic and Failed Resistance, 1918?". [?]

[noi-2] AYLIN UNVER NOI. The Arab Spring - its effects on the Kurds and the approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria and Iraq on the Kurdish issue. Gloria Center. 1 July 2012. "There is a long history of tension between the Kurds and the government in Iran. This began with Reza Shah Pahlavi recapturing the lands that Kurdish leaders had gained control of between 1918 and 1922."; "Iran fears that the creation of a semi-autonomous state in northern Iraq might motivate its own Kurdish minority to press for greater independence. However, Iran’s concern about Kurdish separatism does not approach the level of Turkey’s concern. Still, there have been repeated clashes between Kurds and Iranian security forces" [?] ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine

[elling-3] ??? ^??? ^??? Elling, Rasmus Christian (2013). Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini . New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-11584-2 . OCLC 714725127 . ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪elling≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).

[uarkansas-4] ??? ^??? ^??? University of Arkansas. Political Science department. Iran/Kurds (1943-present). Retrieved 09 September 2012. [?] ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪uarkansas≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).

[5] ≪???? ????? ???≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? .

[6] Iran: Freedom of Expression and Association in the Kurdish Regions. 2009. "This 42-page report documents how Iranian authorities use security laws, press laws, and other legislation to arrest and prosecute Iranian Kurds solely for trying to exercise their right to freedom of expression and association. The use of these laws to suppress basic rights, while not new, has greatly intensified since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad came to power in August 2005." [?]

[rudaw12072016-7] ??? ^??? "KDPI leadership urges support for 'mountain struggle' " . Rudaw. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 February 2017 .

[hicks2000-8] ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref>? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? hicks2000 ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).

[9] "Iran/Kurds (1943?present)" . Archived from the original on 25 January 2016 . Retrieved 23 January 2016 .

[habeeb-10] William Mark Habeeb, Rafael D. Frankel, Mina Al-Oraibi. The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution, and Change. ABC-CLIO publishing. P.46. [?]

[11] Chubin, Shahram ; Zabih, Sepehr (1974). The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-Power Conflict . Berkeley: University of California Press . p. 312 . ISBN 978-0-520-02683-4 . OCLC 1219525 .

[12] Hiltermann, Joost R. (2007). A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja . New York City: Cambridge University Press . p. 162 . ISBN 978-0-521-87686-5 . OCLC 77831064 .

[13] Contemporary Gulf . 1980

[14] Near East, North Africa report. 1994

[15] ????? ? ????? ????????: ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????." ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? 2004 ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? (???? ?? ????) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??." [?]

[16] ≪??????????≫ . ????????? ???? ?????.

[kreyenbroek17194-17] ???? ^???? ^???? ^???? Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview . London; New York: Routledge . pp. 17?19. ISBN 978-0-415-07265-6 . OCLC 24247652 .

[Banuazizi,_Ali_1986_pp._186-18] ???? ^???? ^???? Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (1986). The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan . Syracuse, N.Y. : Syracuse University Press . pp. 186?187. ???? ‎????????????????? . OCLC 13762196.

[romano240-19] Romano, David (2006). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity . Cambridge Middle East studies, 22. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press . p. 240 . ISBN 978-0-521-85041-4 . OCLC 61425259 .

[20] Kreyenbroek, Philip G. ; Sperl, Stefan (1992). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview . London; New York: Routledge . pp. 138?141. ???? ‎????????????????? . OCLC 24247652.

[21] Kreyenbroek, Philip G. ; Sperl, Stefan (1992). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview . London; New York: Routledge . pp. 17?19. ???? ‎????????????????? . OCLC 24247652.

[Reuters2009-22] ???? ^???? "U.S. brands anti-Iran Kurdish group terrorist" . Reuters. February 4, 2009. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018.

[ReutersAug2011-23] Iran says killed dozens in push on Kurdish rebels , Reuters (August 17, 2011).

[24] Jane's intelligence digest: the global early-warning service, P1, Jane's Information Group, 2009

[25] Freedman, Benjamin; Levitt, Matthew (December 8, 2009). "Contending with the PKK's Narco-Terrorism" . The Washington Institute for Near East Policy . Retrieved 2016-02-26 . the Treasury Department also listed the Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK), which is under the control of the Kongra-Gel

[ToolAutoGenRef1-26] Treasury Designates Free Life Party of Kurdistan a Terrorist Organization (press release), U.S. Department of the Treasury, (February 4, 2009).

[kurdish-info.net-27] "Kurdish Info - The PKK and PJAK fighters of Qendil" . Archived from the original on 11 October 2008 . Retrieved 23 April 2017 .

[Kurdish_rebels_kill_Turkey_troops-28] "Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops" . BBC News . April 8, 2007 . Retrieved May 22, 2010 .

[29] The Washington Institute

[30] James Calderwood. "Dreaming and fighting, the Kurdish guerillas who say 'to be free you must accept suffering' " . Retrieved 24 March 2015 .

[jahannews.com-31] ????? ???????? ???? ????. ≪??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??≫ . ?? ??????? ???????? |????? ???????= ??????? ?? ( ??? )

[IT-32] Narina, E (2010-01-30). "Kurdish prisoner executed in Iran" . WashingtonTV . Archived from the original on 25 December 2013 . Retrieved 2013-12-25 .

[TT-33] "Turkey, Iran step up fights on PKK, PJAK" . Hurriyet Daily News. 26 July 2011 . Retrieved 18 March 2014 .

[US-brands-34] "U.S. brands anti-Iran Kurdish group terrorist" . Reuters . February 4, 2009 . Retrieved February 9, 2009 .

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