????? ?????????????

????? ????????????? ?? ?? ????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???-?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ^[?] ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ????, ????? ?????????????, ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???, ????? ????? ???? ????????????? ????? ????????????? (?????? Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)) ??????? ????????, ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ^[?]^[?]^[?] ????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ????- ?????? ????????????? , ??????? ????????????? , ?????? ????????????? ? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ( ?, ?? ? ?? ) ????????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ? ???? ??????????? ??? (?? ??????? ???????, ???????? Zoonotic infection) ??? ?????? ????????? ???? (Natural reservoir) ?? ???? ? ^[?] ??????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ? ????????? ???????

???? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ^[?] ????????????? ??????? (?????????????) ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ???? ????????????? ( HPAI )??? ?????? ????????????? ( LPAI ) ????? ?????????????? ???.??.?.?? (HPAI)-?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? (H5N1) ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ^[?]

?????? [ ???????? ]

????????????? ?/???5??1 ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????

???????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????????????? ? ???????? ????? (????????) ??????: ^[?]

HA subtype designation	NA subtype designation	Avian influenza A viruses
H1	N1	A/duck/Alberta/35/76( H1N1 )
H1	N8	A/duck/Alberta/97/77(H1N8)
H2	N9	A/duck/Germany/1/72(H2N9)
H3	N8	A/duck/Ukraine/63( H3N8 )
H3	N8	A/duck/England/62( H3N8 )
H3	N2	A/turkey/England/69( H3N2 )
H4	N6	A/duck/Czechoslovakia/56(H4N6)
H4	N3	A/duck/Alberta/300/77(H4N3)
H5	N1	A/chick/Scotland/59( H5N1 )
H5	N3	A/tern/South Africa/300/77(H4N3)
H5	N4	A/Ethiopia/300/77(H6N6)
H5	N8	H5N8
H5	N9	A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66( H5N9 )
H6	N2	A/turkey/Massachusetts/3740/65( H6N2 )
H6	N8	A/turkey/Canada/63(H6N8)
H6	N5	A/shearwater/Australia/72(H6N5)
H6	N1	A/duck/Germany/1868/68( H6N1 )
H7	N7	A/fowl plague virus/Dutch/27( H7N7 )
H7	N1	A/chick/Brescia/1902( H7N1 )
H7	N9	A/chick/China/2013( H7N9 )
H7	N3	A/turkey/England/639 H7N3 )
H7	N1	A/fowl plague virus/Rostock/34( H7N1 )
H8	N4	A/turkey/Ontario/6118/68(H8N4)
H9	N2	A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/66( H9N2 )
H9	N6	A/duck/Hong Kong/147/77(H9N6)
H9	N6	A/duck/Hong Kong/147/77(H9N6)
H9	N7	A/turkey/Scotland/70(H9N7)
H10	N8	A/quail/Italy/1117/65(H10N8)
H11	N6	A/duck/England/56(H11N6)
H11	N9	A/duck/Memphis/546/74(H11N9)
H12	N5	A/duck/Alberta/60/76/(H12N5)
H13	N6	A/gull/Maryland/704/77( H13N6 )
H14	N4	A/duck/Gurjev/263/83(H14N4)
H15	N9	A/shearwater/Australia/2576/83(H15N9)

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ CDC (????-??-??)? "Information on Avian Influenza" ? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Capua, Ilaria; Alexander, Dennis J. (????)? "Avian influenza infections in birds ? a moving target" ? Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (?????? ??????)? 1 (1): 11?18? ???????? 1750-2659 ? ????? : 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2006.00004.x ? ???????? 19459279 ? ?????? 4634665   ?
↑ Khan, Salah Uddin; Gurley, Emily S.; Gerloff, Nancy; Rahman, Md Z.; Simpson, Natosha; Rahman, Mustafizur; Haider, Najmul; Chowdhury, Sukanta; Balish, Amanda (????-??-??)? "Avian influenza surveillance in domestic waterfowl and environment of live bird markets in Bangladesh, 2007?2012" ? Scientific Reports (?????? ??????)? 8 (1): 1?10? ???????? 2045-2322 ? ????? : 10.1038/s41598-018-27515-w ?
↑ Rahman, Mahbubur; Mangtani, Punam; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Cardwell, Jacqueline M.; Torremorell, Montserrat; Islam, Ariful; Samad, Mohammed A.; Muraduzzaman, A. K. M.; Giasuddin, Md (????)? "Evaluation of potential risk of transmission of avian influenza A viruses at live bird markets in response to unusual crow die-offs in Bangladesh" ? Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (?????? ??????)? 14 (3): 349?352? ???????? 1750-2659 ? ????? : 10.1111/irv.12716 ? ???????? 31912608 ? ?????? 7182606   |pmc= ?? ??? ??????? ???? ( ??????? ) ?
↑ ^? ^? "Influenza A Subtypes and the Species Affected | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC" ? www.cdc.gov (?????? ??????)? ????-??-?? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ " " H5N1 avian influenza: Timeline of major events " " (??????) ? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?
↑ Cox, N.; Kawaoka (????)? "22"? Mahy B. and Collier L.? Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections ? 1 Virology? Y. (9 ???????)? Arnold? ?????? 415? ???????? 978-0-340-61470-9 ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

???????????

United Nations System Coordinator for Avian and Human Influenza (UNSIC)

Avian Influenza and the Pandemic Threat

????? ????????? ?????? (WHO)

WHO Avian influenza resource
The United Nation's World Health Organization's Avian Flu Facts Sheet for 2006
In-depth analysis of bird flu Symptoms & in-depth analysis on avian flu

????????? ????? ? ???? ?????? (FAO)

FAO Avian Influenza portal ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? Information resources, animations, videos, photos
FAO Bird Flu disease card ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????

????? ?????? ????????? ?????? (World Organisation for Animal Health ,OIE)

Current status of HPAI worldwide at OIE. WAHID Interface ? OIE World Animal Health Information Database
Disease card ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????

Avian influenza resource By Dr. Nati Elkin ? Atlases, vaccines and information.

????????????

PandemicFlu.Gov U.S. Government avian and pandemic flu information
CIDRAP Avian Flu Overview ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? "Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): Agricultural and Wildlife Considerations"
US Avian Influenza Response U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
Avian influenza research and recommendations National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Influenza Research Database Database of influenza sequences and related information.
Species Profile- Avian Influenza ( Orthomyxoviridae Influenza Type A, subtype H5N1) , National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Avian Influenza.
Strategic Health Communication for Avian and Pandemic Influenza Prevention Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs Global Program on Avian and Pandemic Influenza.
Avian Influenza: Critical Program Issues ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? Global Health Technical Brief on Avian Influenza.
NIOSH Alert: Protecting Poultry Workers from Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) CDC/NIOSH recommendations for poultry workers

?????

European Commission Avian Influenza control measures
Avian Influenza: Prevention and Control ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? Proceedings of the Frontis workshop on Avian Influenza: Prevention and Control, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Avian Influenza: Questions & Answers European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ? Official website
FluTrop: Avian Influenza Research in Tropical Countries French Agricultural Research Center for Developing Countries (CIRAD), Avian Influenza website

[1] CDC (????-??-??)? "Information on Avian Influenza" ? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[2] Capua, Ilaria; Alexander, Dennis J. (????)? "Avian influenza infections in birds ? a moving target" ? Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (?????? ??????)? 1 (1): 11?18? ???????? 1750-2659 ? ????? : 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2006.00004.x ? ???????? 19459279 ? ?????? 4634665   ?

[3] Khan, Salah Uddin; Gurley, Emily S.; Gerloff, Nancy; Rahman, Md Z.; Simpson, Natosha; Rahman, Mustafizur; Haider, Najmul; Chowdhury, Sukanta; Balish, Amanda (????-??-??)? "Avian influenza surveillance in domestic waterfowl and environment of live bird markets in Bangladesh, 2007?2012" ? Scientific Reports (?????? ??????)? 8 (1): 1?10? ???????? 2045-2322 ? ????? : 10.1038/s41598-018-27515-w ?

[4] Rahman, Mahbubur; Mangtani, Punam; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Cardwell, Jacqueline M.; Torremorell, Montserrat; Islam, Ariful; Samad, Mohammed A.; Muraduzzaman, A. K. M.; Giasuddin, Md (????)? "Evaluation of potential risk of transmission of avian influenza A viruses at live bird markets in response to unusual crow die-offs in Bangladesh" ? Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (?????? ??????)? 14 (3): 349?352? ???????? 1750-2659 ? ????? : 10.1111/irv.12716 ? ???????? 31912608 ? ?????? 7182606   |pmc= ?? ??? ??????? ???? ( ??????? ) ?

[:0-5] ? ^? "Influenza A Subtypes and the Species Affected | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC" ? www.cdc.gov (?????? ??????)? ????-??-?? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[6] " " H5N1 avian influenza: Timeline of major events " " (??????) ? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?

[Topley-7] Cox, N.; Kawaoka (????)? "22"? Mahy B. and Collier L.? Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections ? 1 Virology? Y. (9 ???????)? Arnold? ?????? 415? ???????? 978-0-340-61470-9 ?

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