???? ?????

	???? ?????
	??????? ????
?????	25 ????? 1903 ; ???????? (????? ?????????)
????	21 ????? 1950 (46 ???) ; ???????
????? ?????	???? ??????
???? ????	??
??????	????? (1927?1950) ; ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? (1903?1927)
?????	????
?????? ?? ?????	??????? ? ??????????
	???????
??????	Richard Walmesley Blair
???????	Ida Mabel Limouzin
???	Marjorie Frances Blair ? Avril Nora Blair
????	????? ???? (1936?1945) ; Sonia Orwell (1949?1950)
?????	Richard Blair
?????	Ellen Kate Limouzin ( ?????/?????? )
??????	??????
	??????? ???
???	?????
?????	??? ????? ??????? (1938?1940)
??????	The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius ; (1933) ?????? ?? ????? ????? ; (1934) ???? ???? (?????) ; (1934) ???? ?????? (?????) ; (1936) ?? ??????? ???? ; (1937) ?????? ??? ???? ????? ; (1938) ?????? ??? ????????? ; (1939) ?????? ??? ?????? (?????) ; (1945) ????? ??????? ; (1946) Politics and the English Language ; (1946) Why I Write ; (1948) 1984 (?????) ;
????	Dystopian literature
???? ?	?????? ?????
	?????
?????	???? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ??????
??????	(1996) Retro Hugo Award for Best Novella , ?? ??? ????? ??????? ; (1996) ????? ???? ????? ?????? , ?? ??? ????? ??????? ; ????? ????????? - ???? ???????? ;

???? ????? (? ??????? : George Orwell)? ? ?? ??? ????? ? ?????: ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? Eric Arthur Blair? ???? ? ???????? ? ???? ? 25 ????? 1903 ? ??? ? 21 ????? 1950 ? ??????? ? ?? ????? ? ????? ???????. ^[1]

????? [ ??? | ??? ???? ]

???? ????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ? 1903. ??? ? ???????? ? ??? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ? ????? .

??1922? ???? ???? ? ????? ? ??? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? . ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ?? ????? ? 1927 ? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????.

??1936? ??? ? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? POUM? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ? ???? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? "? ???? ?????????" (Homage to Catalonia)? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ? POUM? ? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? .

??1938? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ????. ?? ? ??????? ??? ???? ? ????? 1938 ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ? ????? ??11 ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? . ? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? "???? ??? ?? ????" ( Coming Up for Air )? ? ??? ???? ?????? ? ???? "?????" ??? ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ^[2]^[3]

? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? BBC ? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? "?????? ? ??????" ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? . ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? 1950. ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????? 1984 . ^[1]

???? ????? [ ??? | ??? ???? ]

^ ^a ^b "George Orwell" . franceculture.fr (? ??????????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2022-02-26 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2020-09-03 .
^ "Gordon Bowker: The Road to Morocco" . orwellfoundation.com (? ???????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2021-01-26 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2020-09-12 .
^ "Peter Davison: Bibliographical note on Orwell's Morocco Diaries" . orwellfoundation.com (? ???????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2021-01-25 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2020-09-12 .

???? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ? ???????? ???? George Orwell ? ????????? ????? .

[:0-1] "George Orwell" . franceculture.fr (? ??????????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2022-02-26 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2020-09-03 .

[2] "Gordon Bowker: The Road to Morocco" . orwellfoundation.com (? ???????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2021-01-26 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2020-09-12 .

[3] "Peter Davison: Bibliographical note on Orwell's Morocco Diaries" . orwellfoundation.com (? ???????). ??????? ?? ???? ? 2021-01-25 . ?????? ???? ? ????? 2020-09-12 .

[1]

[2]

[3]