????? ?????? (1993)

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????? ??????
??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? and ????? ??????? ?????????
CW3 ??????? ?????? 's ?????? Super Six-Four ??? ??????? ?? ?????? 3, 1993.
??????? ????
??????? ?????? 3?4, 1993
????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P17) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ??????
2°03′09″N 45°19′29″E  /  2.0525°N 45.324722222222°E  / 2.0525; 45.324722222222   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P625) في ويكي بيانات
???????
  • ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  • ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????
  • ?????? ????? ??????? ??3???? 1994
  • ???????? ??????? ????? ?? 25????1994
??????????
الأمم المتحدة ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? الصومال ??????? ?????? ????????
??????
الولايات المتحدة ?????? ??. ??????? الصومال ???? ??? ?????
?????
160 ??????
19 ?????
12 ?????? (nine HMMWVs)
4,000?6,000 ?????? ? ?????? ???????
???????
U.S.
18 ???? [1]
73 wounded [2] [3]
1 captured
Malaysia
1 killed
7 wounded
Pakistan
1 killed
2 wounded
SNA ???? ????? ???????
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? casualties. US sources estimate a range of 1,500 [4] to 3,000 casualties, including civilians. [5] [6] Up to 700+ killed. Est. 1,500+ wounded. 21 captured.

Militia source states 315 killed, 812 wounded

???????
  • ??????: ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? . [7]
خريطة
????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????.
????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???.

????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? . ???? ?? 3-4 ?????? 1993 ?? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? (???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ) ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????.

???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?? ????? 1993? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

?? ????? 1993? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? . ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????. [8] [9] [10]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? 1993? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????: ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 75 ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? -???? (?? ?? ?? ??-?? ??????)? ????????? ???? ≪??? ????≫? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? 160? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??. ???????. [ ????? ????? ]

?? 3 ?????? 1993? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ???????? ?? 19 ?????? ?12 ????? (??????? 9 ?????? ?????)? ?160 ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????.

??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???-60 ?? ???? ???. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ??????? ????? 18 ????? ?? ????? 73 ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? 1500 ?3000 ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? 315 ????? ???? 812 ?????. [ ????? ????? ]

???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.

?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? (?? 48) ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???-6 ???? ???? ??? ???-60 ?? ???? ???. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? 3000-4000 ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? 200 ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????. ???? ???? ≪????? ????? ??????: ??? ?? ????? ???????≫ ???? ???? ?? 700 ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? 1000 ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? 133 ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? 312 ???? ?814 ????. ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? 18 ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?73 ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2004. [ ????? ????? ]

?? 24 ????? 1996? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? 1 ????? 1996? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? 1991? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? . [11] ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????????. [12] ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? (?? ?? ??) ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????: ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????: ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? (?? ?? ?? ??)? ??????? ??????? ????????? (?? ??? ??)? ??????? ??????????? ????????? (?? ?? ??). ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? 1991? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? (?? ?? ??)? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. [13]

?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? 1991? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? 20.000 ??? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. [????? ?????] ???? ?? ???? ???? 80? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? 300000 ??? ????? 1.5 ????? ??? ???? 1991 ?1992. ????? ????? ??????? 50 ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? 1992. [13]

???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? 1992? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??-130 ???????? ??? 400 ??? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ???????? 48000 ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????. [13]

???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? (500000 ???? ?1.5 ????? ???? ?? ????)? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? 1992. ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? 794. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? (?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??) ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????. ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???-369 (??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? 369 ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? 39? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????)? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????. [13]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1993 ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 18 ????? ??? 70 ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? 1400 ???? ??? ??????? ?????????.

?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 1994 ? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????.

??? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Philadelphia Online | Blackhawk Down ???? ?????? 29 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  2. ^ Mark Bowden (16 ?????? 1997). "Blackhawk Down" . The Philadelphia Inquirer . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-25 .
  3. ^ Atkinson, Rick (31 ????? 1994). "Night of a Thousand Casualties" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-08 . {{ ??????? ???? }} : ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: |????= ( ?????? )
  4. ^ red cross? red cross (18 ?????? 1993). "Anatomy of a Disaster" . Time Magazine . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-01-19 . {{ ??????? ???? }} : ?????? author-name-list parameters ???? ???? ?? ??? ( ?????? )
  5. ^ Bowden? Mark (November 16, 1997). "Black Hawk Down: A defining battle" . The Philadelphia Inquirer. ????? ?? ????? ?? July 01 2007 . ???? ???? ?????? June 25, 2007 . {{ ??????? ???? }} : ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ?????= ( ?????? )
  6. ^ Frontline: ambush in mogadishu: interviews: captain haad . ???? ?????? 25 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  7. ^ Bowden? Mark (16 ?????? 1997). "Black Hawk Down" . The Philadelphia Inquirer. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-09-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-10-25 .
  8. ^ Kaempf? Sebastian (2018). Saving soldiers or civilians? : casualty aversion versus civilian protection in asymmetric conflicts . Cambridge. ISBN : 978-1-108-65506-4 . OCLC : 1032810239 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-05-01. {{ ??????? ????? }} : ????? ?????????: ???? ???? ???? ( link )
  9. ^ Hirsch? John L. (1995). Somalia and Operation Restore Hope : reflections on peacemaking and peacekeeping . Robert B. Oakley. Washington, D.C. ISBN : 1-878379-41-0 . OCLC : 32200261 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-26. {{ ??????? ????? }} : ????? ?????????: ???? ???? ???? ( link )
  10. ^ Cassidy? Robert M., Ph.D. (2004). Peacekeeping in the abyss : British and American peacekeeping doctrine and practice after the Cold War . Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN : 0-313-04752-9 . OCLC : 62329891 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-15. {{ ??????? ????? }} : ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
  11. ^ Battersby? Paul? Joseph M. Siracusa (2009). Globalization and human security . Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. ?.  151 . ISBN : 978-0-7425-5653-9 .
  12. ^ Fitzgerald? Nina J. (2002). Somalia: Issues, History, and Bibliography . Nova Publishers. ?.  19 . ISBN : 1590332652 .
  13. ^ ? ? ? ? Clancy? Tom ? Tony Zinni? Tony Koltz (2005). Battle Ready: Study in Command Commander Series . Penguin. ?.  234?236 . ISBN : 978-0-425-19892-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-02.