?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????? ?????? ??????? ???????
??
?????
????
??????? ???????
????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????
??????
.
[1]
??????
??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??
?????
??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????
????? ???????
?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
????? ???????
????
???????
.
[2]
????
[
???
]
????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????
???????
???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.
[3]
???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? 1,2 ??? 2,0 ??? (3,9 ??? 6,5 ???). ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??
?????? ??????? ???????
2,5 ??? (8,2 ???) ?? ???????.
[4]
???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 10 ???? (19 ?? / ???? - 12 ??? ?? ??????). ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 21 ???? (39 ?? / ???? - 24 ??? ?? ??????).
[5]
?? ????? 2012 ????
???? ??????? ??????? ???????
???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ≪??????≫ ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????.
[6]
?????
[
???
]
- ^
Conant, Eve, Breaking the Ice, Scientific American and Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
- ^
Arktika rests after 33 years of icebreaking, World Nuclear News, 07 October 2008
- ^
“Arktika” could become museum, Barents Observer, August 17, 2012
- ^
Russia scraps three nuclear icebreakers, Barents Observer, January 26, 2012
- ^
Nuclear icebreakers at Bellona.org
- ^
RIA Novosti ? Russia ? New Russian nuclear icebreaker 'will be built by 2015'