????? ?????? ??????? ???????

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????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? . [1] ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? . [2]

???? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. [3]

???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? 1,2 ??? 2,0 ??? (3,9 ??? 6,5 ???). ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? 2,5 ??? (8,2 ???) ?? ???????. [4] ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 10 ???? (19 ?? / ???? - 12 ??? ?? ??????). ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 21 ???? (39 ?? / ???? - 24 ??? ?? ??????). [5]

?? ????? 2012 ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ≪??????≫ ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. [6]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Conant, Eve, Breaking the Ice, Scientific American and Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
  2. ^ Arktika rests after 33 years of icebreaking, World Nuclear News, 07 October 2008
  3. ^ “Arktika” could become museum, Barents Observer, August 17, 2012
  4. ^ Russia scraps three nuclear icebreakers, Barents Observer, January 26, 2012
  5. ^ Nuclear icebreakers at Bellona.org
  6. ^ RIA Novosti ? Russia ? New Russian nuclear icebreaker 'will be built by 2015'