????????? ?? ?????

????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? (TCI) ???????? ???. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 2004 ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? 22 ???? ??? 100 ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? 14 ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? 15? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? 27. ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 2012. ^[4]

???? ??? ???? ????? 80 ????? ???? ?? ????? 56? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? 25 ?????. ?? ??? 2008? ??? ???? ???? ?? 52000 ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? 24 ????? ???? ????? ?????? 33.66?. ?? ??? 2012? ??? ???? 43 ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ^[5]^[6]^[7]

??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? 20 ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????. ^[8] ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ??? 2009? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? 9.2 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 12.9 ????? ????? ????? ??? 2014 ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? 6.9 ?? ??????. ^[9]

????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? (EJISDC)? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? 1,1-1,3? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 2002. ???? ????? 150.000 ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? 20.000 ?? ????? ?????????. ^[10] ??? ???? 1200 ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 2002? 200 ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ????? 50 ????? ????? ?? ??? 2008.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

"Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Iran" (PDF) . Iran Entrepreneurship Association . Winter 2014. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2015-09-13.
??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? 2021: ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? (2012)
????? ??????? ???????????: ????? ????? ?? ????????? (2008)? ????? ??????? ???????????: ????? ????? ????????? (2012)
????? ??????? ???????????: ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? 2011 ( ????? ?? 50 ????)
Onda Analytics Limited: ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? 2010-2014 (????? ?? 10 ?????)
????????: ???? ????????? ?? ????? - ????????? ?????? ?? ??? 2009 ??? ??? 2013 (????? ?? 40 ????)
?????: ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? - ???? ????? Pyramid Research ?? 30 ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? Pyramid ?? ????? ????????? (2010).
????? ?????? - ????????? ?????????? ?????????? (ICT) ?? ????? (2009)
???? ???: ????? ????? - ????????? ?? ????? (2008)
Teyf Sharif Consulting: ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? 61 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? (2008)
????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? (2007)
??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? (2006) ? ( ????? 2010 )
??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? (2004)
???? ????? ????????? ????????? - ????? ??????? (2003)
???????? ?????????? ?? ????? - ??? ???? (1999)

???? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????
- ???? - ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? "NICTA" ?? ??? ???????.
???? ????????? ?????????
?????? ???????????? ????????? (IEI)
???? ???? ??????? - ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????
???? ????? ??????????? - ≪???? ?????????≫ ?????? ??????
??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????????
????? ??????? ?????????
????? ?????
?????? ?????
????? ?? ?????
???????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Burkhart? ?????? (???? 1998). "Iran" . National Security and the Internet in the Persian Gulf Region . Georgetown University. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-07-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-07-15 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2012-04-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-31 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ( link )
^ [1] ???? ?????? April 14, 2009, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "Page Not Found - ZAWYA MENA Edition" . www.zawya.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-05-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-14 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ( ?????? )
^ "Iran 14th in Middle East broadband ranking" . www.payvand.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-01-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-02-03 .
^ "CIA ? The World Factbook" . Cia.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-23 .
^ "Resources ? Iran telecom Brief" . Atieh Bahar. 20 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-23 .
^ [2] ???? ?????? July 3, 2007, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ "Iran Telecom Market Expected to Reach $12.9 Billion by 2014: Report" . Voice-quality.tmcnet.com. 22 ????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-23 .
^ Solutions? EIU Digital. "Telecommunications, telecoms, mobile, broadband, communications, TMT industry analysis and data from The EIU" . www.ebusinessforum.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-08-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-09-28 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????
Information and communications technology (ICT) to Iran ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? (???? ?????? July 27, 2008) - ??????? ??????????
???? ????????? ????????? - ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????
???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????
????? GSM ?? ?????
????????? ????????? ?? ????? (1997)
????? ???? ???????? - ????? ?????
????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? (??????? ????????? ?????????)
????? ?????????? ???????? - Globalsecurity.org
???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? - ???? ??????????? ?????????? (2006)
????? ???? ???????? / - ???? ??????????? (2010)

????? ?????

Cyber war on Iran - Part I ??? ?????? - PressTV (2010)
Part II ??? ?????? - PressTV (2010)
Part III ??? ?????? - PressTV (2010)
????? ?????????? ?? ????? - PressTV (2012)
???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? - PressTV (2012)
?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? - PressTV (2013)
???? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? - PressTV (2017)

????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] Burkhart? ?????? (???? 1998). "Iran" . National Security and the Internet in the Persian Gulf Region . Georgetown University. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-07-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-07-15 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[2] "Archived copy" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2012-04-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-31 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ( link )

[3] [1] ???? ?????? April 14, 2009, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[zawya.com-4] "Page Not Found - ZAWYA MENA Edition" . www.zawya.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-05-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-14 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ( ?????? )

[payvand.com1-5] "Iran 14th in Middle East broadband ranking" . www.payvand.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-01-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-02-03 .

[cia.gov-6] "CIA ? The World Factbook" . Cia.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-23 .

[atiehbahar.com-7] "Resources ? Iran telecom Brief" . Atieh Bahar. 20 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-23 .

[8] [2] ???? ?????? July 3, 2007, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[voice-quality.tmcnet.com-9] "Iran Telecom Market Expected to Reach $12.9 Billion by 2014: Report" . Voice-quality.tmcnet.com. 22 ????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-01-23 .

[ebusinessforum.com-10] Solutions? EIU Digital. "Telecommunications, telecoms, mobile, broadband, communications, TMT industry analysis and data from The EIU" . www.ebusinessforum.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-08-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-09-28 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

???? ??????

? ? ? ???????? ?? ?????
???? ???? ???????? ( ??? ????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? )	???? ??????? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ????? ? ??????
???? ???? ???????? ( ??????? )	????? ?? ? MTN Irancell ? IranFCP
???? ?????	.ir ? .co.ir ? .ac.ir
????? ???????	?????? ? Parsdata ? ???? ?????
?????? ??????	???????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ? Internet in a Suitcase ? ??????? ?? ????? ? Iranian Cyber Police ? ???? ???????? ?? ?????