umChazatho
iyisifundo
senzululwazi
ye
zakhi
kanye nokucondoza
koTho
. Iyisayensi yemvelo ecwaninga
izinhlwa
ezakha uTho kuze kuyofika kwi
mxube
eyakhiwa
amachwe
,
imizwayi
nezi
Honyo
: Ukwakheka kwazo, uhlaka lwazo, izakhi zazo, ukucondoza kwazo kanye noshintsho ezidlula kulo ngesikhathi
zilumbana
nezinye
iziqa
.
Ngokwesilinganiso sesihloko sawo, umChazatho ungena endaweni emaphakathi
komChazandalo
no
nomChazampilo
. Ngesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi
yisayensi
emaphakathi ngoba inikeza isiseko sokuqonda yomibili imikhakha yenzululwazi
Eyisisekelo
nenzululwazi
eSetshenziswayo
ezingeni eliyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, umChazatho uchaza izici zokukhula kwesitshalo
(botany)
, ukubumbeka kwamatshe angenalutho (
umChazazwe
), ukuthi isiNtshongo
(ozone)
somoyambulunga sakhiwe kanjani nokuthi izinto ezingcolisa imvelo zonakaliswa kanjani uxhaxhamvelo
(ecology)
, izakhi zenhlabathi enyangeni (
cosmoikhemistri
), ukuthi imithi yokwelapha isebenza kanjani (umchazamakhambi
pharmacology
), nokuthi ungabuqoqa kanjani ubufakazi
bolibofuzo
endaweni yobugebengu
(Forensic)
.
Umsuka wegama lesizulu elithi "umchazatho" uvela encazelweni yalomkhakha wenzululwazi, ukufindwa kokucondoza kotho, okusho ukuthi kufundwa ngotho, kwenziwa imizamo yokuchaza uTho nezakhi zalo nokucondoza kwalo.
Unongo olukhona manje lezinhlaka zechwe lulandela unongo lobunguxa bomngako.
[1]
Umchazatho ongokwesiko uqala ngesifundo sezinhlayiyamana eziyisiseko,
amachwe
,
imizwayi
,
[2]
iziqa
,
izinkimbi
,
imincwebe
kanye nezinye izinhlanganisela
zotho
. UTho lungacwaningwa
esimweni
esinqumile, esiluketshezi, nesiluhowo, ngokuqhingwa noma ngokuhlanganyelwa. Ukwenanana, ukusabela nokuguquka okucwaningwa kumchazatho kuvame ukuba umphumela wokwenanana kwamachwe, okuholela ekuhlelekeni kabusha kwezibhonqi zevanga okuyizona ezibhonqa amachwe ndawonye. Ukucondoza okunjalo kuvame ukufundwa engqalabeni yomchazatho.
Ingqalaba yomchazatho ivame ukusebenzisa amagabha wengqalaba akhethekile. Kodwana, amagabha wengqalaba awayona ingqikithi yomchazatho, futhi miningi imigcanso yomchazatho eyenziwa ngaphandle kwawo.
Ukusabela kwevanga kuwukuguquka kwezinye iziqa zibe ezinye ezihlukile.
[3]
Ngokomchazatho, uTho luchasiswa njenganoma yini enesisindo esiphumule nommumatho (edla indawo) futhi eyakhiwa iz
inhlayiyana
. Izinhlayiyana ezakha uTho nazo zinesisindo esiphumule, ? akuzona zonke izinhlayiyana ezinesisindo esiphumule,
njengamabane
. UTho lungaba yisiqa esicwebileyo noma iziqa ezixubene.
[4]
IChwe
liwumuvo oyisiseko womchazatho. Luqukethe umnyondo olugqinsi obizwa
inuzi lechwe
elizungezwe umkhathi onefu lenzuba. INuzi lakhiwa
izinelesi
ezinomlelesa ovumayo
nezintunge
ezingenawo umlelesa (kokubili kubizwa izintungesi), kuyilapho ifu
lenzuba
lona ligcwele izinzuba ezinomlelesa ophikayo.
Main article:
Inhlwa yevanga
Inhlwa yevanga yisiqa esicwebileyo esakhiwa uhlobo olulodwa lechwe, olwaziwa ngenani lalo
lezinelesi
enuzini lechwe, elaziwa ngokuthi
inani lobuchwe
nelimelelwa uphawu
Z
. Inani lesisindo liyisamba senani lezinelesi nezintunge enuzini. Nakuba wonke amanuzi wamachwe wonke wenhlwa eyodwa anenani lobuchwe elifanayo, kungenzeka angabi nenani lesisindo elifanayo; amachwe wenhlwa anenani lesisindo elihlukile aziwa ngokuthi
amaChembe
.
- ↑
"chemical bonding"
.
Britannica
. Encyclopædia Britannica
.
https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/684121/chemical-bonding/43383/The-quantum-mechanical-model
. Retrieved 1 November 2012
.
- ↑
Matter: Atoms from Democritus to Dalton
Archived
28 February 2007 at the
Wayback Machine
. by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D.
- ↑
IUPAC
Gold Book
Definition
Archived
4 March 2007 at the
Wayback Machine
.
- ↑
Armstrong, James (2012).
General, Organic, and Biochemistry: An Applied Approach
.
Brooks/Cole
. p. 48.
ISBN
978-0-534-49349-3
.