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Help:阿拉伯語國際音標 - ?基百科，自由的百科全? 跳?到?容

Help : 阿拉伯語國際音標

?基百科，自由的百科全?

下表? 阿拉伯語 發音在維基百科中用 國際音標 （IPA）表示的方式。

符號 英語近似發音 阿拉伯語字母 羅馬字轉寫 注?
A?B
a f a ther ，但更短暫 ? ? a e [a]
aː f a ther ? ?? ? ? ? aa a [b]
aw /a/ + / w / ? ? aw au o [c]
b b ee ? ? b [d]
D
d d eal ? ? d [e]
d? 重音 / d / ，

接近於 d ark

? ? ? [f] [e]
d? j am ? ? j ? dj [g]
ð th ese ? ? dh ? [h]
ð? 重音 / ð / ? ? ? [f] [i]
E
eː b ay ? ? ay ey ai ei e [j]
F?H
f f ather ? ? f [k]
h h e ? ? h
ħ 沒有對等的發音 ? ? ? [l]
I?K
? s i t [1] ? ? i e [m]
iː mach i ne ? ? ? ee i [n]
j y es ? ? y
k s k in ? ? k [o]
L?N
l l ease （ 公認發音 ） ? ? l
? too l l [p]
m m e ? ? m
n n o ? ? n
O?R
θ th ink ? ? th ? [h]
q 比較接近 s c ar ，但在小舌爆破而非在軟? ? ? q g [q]
r 比較接近 r ay ? ? r [r]
S
s s ee ? ? s
s? 重音 / s / ，

比較接近 ma ss age

? ? ? [f]
? sh e ? ? sh ? ch
T?W
t s t ik ? ?（有?? ? ?） t [e] [o]
t? 重音 / t / ，

比較接近 s t ar

? ? ? [f] [e]
u p u t ? ? u o ou [s]
uː r u le ? ? ? oo ou u [t]
w w e ? ? w
X?Z
x 蘇格蘭英語 lo ch ，

西班牙語 j ota

? ? kh ? [u]
? 西班牙語 fue g o ，

法語 pa r ler

? ? gh ? [v]
z z oo ? ? z
其他
? uh - oh! 中的停頓 ? ? ? ’ ' [w]
? 沒有對等發音 ? ? ? ‘ ' ` [x] [y]
θ ? O?R
? [?kiːwi] ???? ? 'kiwi' 表示下面的字母發重音

例如 /??arabiː/ .

ː [kiːs] ??? ? 'sack' 表示前面的元音延長

註釋 [ ?? ]

  1. ^ http://www.madinaharabic.com/Arabic_Reading_Course/Lessons/L000_002.html
  1. ^ Allophones of /a/ include [ ? ] before emphatic consonants and [ q ] , [ r ] and [ æ ] elsewhere ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第52?53頁; Kaye 1997 ，第193, 197頁).
  2. ^ Allophones of /aː/ include [ ?ː ] before emphatic consonants and [ q ] , [ r ] ; and [ æː ] elsewhere ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第52?53頁; Kaye 1997 ，第193, 197頁).
  3. ^ In colloquial pronunciation, /aw/ may be realized as [ oː ] ~ [ ?ː ] may occur ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595頁; Kaye 1997 ，第198頁).
  4. ^ The letter ? ? may represent [ p ] in foreign loanwords (sometimes written ? ?) as well as before voiceless consonants （ Kaye 1997 ，p.193）.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 /d d? t t?/ are realized as either dental , denti-alveolar or alveolar （ Al-Ani 2008 ，p.597）.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Emphatic consonants may be equally pharyngealized or velarized ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第599頁; Kaye 1997 ，第193頁).
  7. ^ The letter ? ? is pronounced as [ ? ] in Egypt, [ ? ] in the Levant and Maghreb ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第598頁; Gairdner 1925 ，第23頁).
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 In non-standard pronunciations, /θ/ and /ð/ may be pronounced as [ s ] and [ z ] （ Gairdner 1925 ，p.19, 81）.
  9. ^ The letter ? ? is realized as [ ð? ] or [ z? ] （ Al-Ani 2008 ，p.601）.
  10. ^ In colloquial pronunciation, [ eː ] may be realized as /aj/ ~ [ ?ː ] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595頁; Kaye 1997 ，第198頁).
  11. ^ The letter ? ? may represent [ v ] in foreign loanwords (sometimes written ? ? or ? ?), and may be pronounced as well as before voiced consonants （ Kaye 1997 ，p.193）.
  12. ^ /ħ/ is realized as [ ħ ] or [ ? ] .
  13. ^ Allophones of /?/ include [ i ] ~ [ e ] before emphatic consonants and [ q ] , [ r ] , [ ħ ] , [ ? ] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第52?53頁; Kaye 1997 ，第193, 197頁).
  14. ^ Allophones of /iː/ include [ ?ː ] ~ [ ?ː ] before emphatic consonants and [ q ] , [ r ] , [ ħ ] , [ ? ] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第52?53頁; Kaye 1997 ，第193, 197頁).
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 /k/ is usually aspirated （ Al-Ani 2008 ，p.597?598）.
  16. ^ [?] only occurs in the word Allah : [?????h] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第600頁; Kaye 1997 ，第196頁).
  17. ^ /q/ may be pronounced as [ ? ] in Egypt and the Levant, [ ? ] or [ ? ] in other dialects （ Gairdner 1925 ，p.26?27）.
  18. ^ /r/ is either a trill [ r ] or flap [ ? ] . May be velarized or pharyngealized as well （ Al-Ani 2008 ，p.600）.
  19. ^ Allophones of /u/ include [ ? ] ~ [ ? ] ~ [ o ] before emphatic consonants and [ q ] , [ r ] , [ ħ ] , [ ? ] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第52?53頁; Kaye 1997 ，第193, 197頁).
  20. ^ Allophones of /uː/ include [ ?ː ] ~ [ ?ː ] ~ [ oː ] before emphatic consonants and [ q ] , [ r ] , [ ħ ] , [ ? ] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第595, 600頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第52?53頁; Kaye 1997 ，第193, 197頁).
  21. ^ /x/ is realized as [ x ] or [ χ ] .
  22. ^ /?/ is realized as [ ? ] or [ ? ] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第599頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第598頁; Gairdner 1925 ，第26頁).
  23. ^ /?/ is usually written above or below three letters: ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?, ? ?.
  24. ^ /?/ is realized as [ ? ] or [ ?? ] ( Al-Ani 2008 ，第599頁; Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999 ，第51頁).
  25. ^ / ? / Neither pharyngeal nor fricative, but is more correctly described as a creaky-voiced epiglottal approximant ( Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996 :167?168頁)).

?考?料 [ ?? ]

  • Al-Ani, Salman H. Phonetics. Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics III . Brill. 2008: 593?603.  
  • Gairdner, W. H. T. The Phonetics of Arabic . Oxford University Press. 1925.  
  • Kaye, Alan S. Arabic phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa I . 1997: 187?204.  
  • Kaye, Alan S. Arabic. Comrie, Bernard (?). The World’s Major Languages (PDF) 2nd. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. 2009: 560?577. ISBN ?978-0-415-35339-7 .  
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian. The Sounds of the World’s Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1996. ISBN ?0-631-19815-6 .  
  • Mitchell, T. F. Pronouncing Arabic I . Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1990.  
  • Thelwall, Robin; Sa'adeddin, M. Akram. Arabic. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press. 1999: 51?54.  
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