?甸?
,??
??
(?甸?:
??????????
)?
?藏?系
藏??族
,以仰光音??准。?是
?甸
?邦的
官方?言
,在該國有大?3200万人使用,而且在
孟加拉?
、
??西?
、
泰?
、
美?
也有少量分布。
入聲
獨立算的話,?甸?一共有四???,分?是高平、高降、低平、高降喉塞。
?甸文字
的特征是?呈?形,這是因?古時候的緬甸文是書寫在棕櫚葉上的,必須設計圓弧形的筆劃才能避免劃破葉面。字符的構成是以輔音字母與元音?合後形成音節符號。
?史演?
[
??
]
?甸文
在某?程度上代表古?甸?,因此可以用?甸文的??
??
?推?
古?甸文
的?音,?此也可以看出其?仰光?之?的巨大的??。
緬甸文的
拉丁字母轉寫方案
主要有
John Okell
制定的Okell?音,
緬甸語委會
制定的
語委?音
等。
音系
[
??
]
??
[
??
]
古?甸?有三???,但其在12世?的?切
音?
不?楚。仰光?按
調?
分保持了這三個聲調:
- 第一?:低平?334(在
?音?
中,用短元音符?表示,在
?音?
中,在基本?音之下加一?点)
- 第二?:高平?554(在音?后加?空心点符?)
- 第三?:高降?53(在
?音?
中,用?元音符?表示,在
?音?
中,?有特殊的符?)
古?甸文的
塞音
?尾
演?成
喉塞音
,可以算作
第四???
,但其調?和第三聲53一樣。
聲調
|
緬文名
|
國際音標
(
a
的聲調)
|
標記
(附加於
a
)
|
特徵
|
延時
|
低平
|
???????
|
[
aː???
]
|
a
|
慣常
|
中
|
高平
|
?????
|
[
aː???
]
|
a
|
有時略帶
氣聲
|
長
|
高降
|
?????
|
[
a???
]
|
a?
|
緊喉音
,有時略帶
喉塞
|
中
|
高降喉塞
|
???????
|
[
????
]
|
a?
|
帶喉塞
|
短
|
古?甸文的
鼻音
?尾演?成
鼻化元音
,調?可以是上面三個中的任何一個。
韻尾
[
??
]
古緬甸語的
陽聲韻
的
韻尾
在現代仰光話中一律合?爲一個鼻音-?,仰光話拉丁轉寫用-n表示。古緬甸語的
入聲韻
的韻尾在現代仰光話中一律合?爲一個喉塞音-?,仰光話拉丁轉寫用-t表示。
?音
[
??
]
引用
[
??
]
參考文獻
[
??
]
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. (原始?容
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ISBN
978-0-521-80496-7
.
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;
Jacques, Guillaume
; Lai, Yunfan; Ryder, Robin; Thouzeau, Valentin; Greenhill, Simon J.; List, Johann-Mattis,
Dated language phylogenies shed light on the history of Sino-Tibetan
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PMC 6534992
,
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,
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,
?明摘要
–
ScienceDaily
(May 6, 2019).
}}
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(1): 253?260.
[
永久失效連結
]
- Nishi, Yoshio.
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(PDF)
. Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (?立民族?博物館). 31 March 1998,
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: 975?999. (
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Burmese By Ear or Essential Myanmar
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. London: The School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 2002
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]
.
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978-1-86013-758-7
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]
.
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. (
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(4).
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.
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[
??
]
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.
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A phonetic description of Burmese obstruents
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doi:10.1353/jbs.2014.0016
.
參見
[
??
]
外部連結
[
??
]
|
---|
| 官方?言
| |
---|
| 半官方?言
| |
---|
| 其他?言(依照
?甸行政??
?分)
| |
---|
| 手?
| |
---|
| 古代?言
| |
---|
|