在?合句中作
??
的
?句
，叫做
???句
（the Adverbial Clause）.
?????句
[
??
]
when, as, while
[
??
]
when引出的?????句，其中的???可以是
延?性?作
的??，也可以是
瞬?性?作
的??，而且可以表示主?的?作和?句的?作
同??生
，或者?句的?作?生在主句的?作之前。
e.g.
When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.
When the students heard the teacher's footsteps, they all stopped talking.
when?可以表示just then(正在那?，突然)的意思，此?其所引?的?句只放在主句之后。
e.g.
We were about to start when it began to rain.
as引出的?????句，其?作是
延?性
的，而且?重表示主句和?句的?作
同??生
.
e.g.
As the students walked to their dormitories,they sang happily.
while表示"在某一段??里"或"在...期?"，其所引出的?句的?作是
延?性
的，且?重表示主句和?句的?作
同??生
。
e.g.
While the teacher paraphrased the text in English,the students listened attentively and took notes.
while?可用作?列??，相?于
whereas
，?接一?表示?比的?列分句。
e.g.
Mary was dressed in blue while Jane was dressed in red.
whenever,every time,each time任何?候;每?
[
??
]
e.g.
Whenever I met her,she was studying.
Every time I met her,she was staying with him.
Each time I met her,she was listening to the music.
since(自?，?...以?),ever since(?那?起一直到?在;此后一直)
[
??
]
since,ever since引?的?句通常用
一般?去?
，主句中的????通常用
完成?
.
e.g.
We've never met since we graduated from the college.
It is six years since we parted.
before(在...之前),after(在...之后)
[
??
]
before引?的?句一般表示主句的?作?生在
?句?作之前
，如
?句
是
?去?
,
主句
一般用
?去完成?
.
e.g.
I had written my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.
after引?的?句，表示主句的?作?生在
?句?作之后
，如
主句
是
?去?
,
?句
一般用
?去完成?
.
e.g.
After the boy had finished his homework,he played football with his friends.
till,until
[
??
]
until比?正式，可
用于句首
，而till一般
不用于句首
.till和until所表示的意?相同，但要
注意
以下情?:
如主句的????是
延?性??
，就常用
肯定式
表示"直到...?止"
e.g.
He will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course.
如主句的????是
非延?性??
，就常用
否定式
表示"直到...才"或"在...之前（不）".此?的till和still可用
before
替?，意?差?不大。
e.g.
I won't go with you until(till) I finish my homework.
as soon as,immediately,directly,once,the minute/moment (that) etc.
[
??
]
as soon as,immediately,directly,once,the minute/moment (that)等引?的?句都表示?句的?作一?生，主句的?作
??就?生
，常??"一...就...".
e.g.
As soon as we got home,the telephone rang.
I recognized her immediately I saw her.
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
Once you understand this rule,you'll have no further difficulty.
I want to see her the minute/moment (that) she arrives.
no sooner...than,hardly(scarcely)...when
[
??
]
no sooner...than,hardly(scarcely)...when引?的?句也表示"一...就","?...就"的含?。但??只用于
?去?
:主句中的??一般用
?去完成?
，?句用
?去?
.no sooner,hardly位于句首?，主句的??要
部分倒?
.
e.g.
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
Hardly had he reached the airport when the plane took off.
地点???句
[
??
]
引?地点???句的??有:where(在..地方),wherever(无??裡，在任何地方),everywhere(每一...地方，到?),anywhere（任何地方）.where?是放在主句后，?不提前。
e.g.
Where there is a will,there is a way.
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days.
Wherever (Everywhere) they went,they were warmly welcomed.
I'll take you anywhere you like.
原因???句
[
??
]
引?原因???句的??有:because,as,since,for,now that,seeing that,considering (that),in that等。
e.g.
I didn't go abroad with her because I couldn't afford it.
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
Now (that) you've passed your test, you can drive on your own.
Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we'll stay at home.
Considering (that) he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.
Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
I'm in a slightly awkward position, in that he's not arriving until 10th.
?件???句
[
??
]
引??件???句的??或??:if（如果）,unless（除非）,as(so) long as（只要）,on condition that(?件是...),provided/providing that（假如）,suppose/supposing（假如）,in case（如果）,for fear(that/lest)(惟恐;以免),only if(只要;只有),if only(但愿;要是...?多好)等。如果主句是
???
，?件???句用
一般?在?
表示。
if,unless
[
??
]
unless的意?相?于"if...not"，而且???强，一般
不用于????
.
e.g.
I'll buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.
Unless the weather was bad,my father always used to take a walk in the evening.
suppose/supposing that,provided/providing (that)假如
[
??
]
e.g.
Suppose you had a million pounds -- how would you spend it?
Supposing (that) it rains,can we play the match indoors?
I will agree to go provided/providing (that) my expenses are paid.
as(so) long as,on condition that,in case
[
??
]
as(so) long as(只要...就...),on condition that(在...?件下;?若),in case(以防万一，万一，如果).
e.g.
As long as you love me.
As long as it doesn't rain,we can play.
You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.
You'd better take an umbrella in case it rains.
only if ,if only
[
??
]
only if引?
???件句
，用于
句首
，主???
倒?
.
e.g.
Only if a teacher has given permission,is a student allowed to enter this room
if only一般引?
???件???句
或
感?句
.
用
一般?去式
或
would/could do
表?
?在或未?
事?相反的愿望；用
?去完成?
表?
?去
事?相反的愿望，意?‘但愿’.
e.g.
If only he had come,he would have met you.
If only I could swim.
?步???句
[
??
]
?步???句的??或??有:although?然，though?然，even if/though?使;?然;?管，as?管，while?管，whoever(no matter who)不管?，whatever(no matter what)无?什?，whenever(no matter when)无?什??候，wherever(no matter where)无??裡，however(no matter how)无???，whether..or不?...?是。
although?然though?然even if/though?使;?然;?管
[
??
]
e.g.
Although they have been talking for a long time,he cannot make her believe him.
Though they lack offcial support,they continue their struggle.
Though he is old,yet(still,nevertheless) he works day and night.
Even if I failed again,I will not give up the experiment.
I like her even though she can be annoying.
whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever...)/no matter what(who,which,when...)
[
??
]
e.g.
Whoever(No matter who) wants to speek to me on the phone,tell them I'm busy.
Wherever(No matter where) you go,I'm right here waiting for you.
Whenever(No matter when) you call on us,you are welcome.
as?然;?管
[
??
]
as引??步???句?，常放在作表?，??或??的一部分的形容?，名?，副?或??原形之后。如果是??名?或形容?的最高?作表?，不再用冠?。
e.g.
Strong as you may be,you cannot lift it.
Late as it was,they continued to study.
Youngest as he is in our class,he studies very well.
Child as she is,She knows a lot.
Hard as he tried,he was unable to make much progress.
Much as I like you,I couldn't live with you.
Much as I would like to stay,I really must go home.
Call as you may,he will not come.
Published as it was such a time,his work attracted much attention.
whether..or 不管;无?
[
??
]
e.g.
Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Sunday.
Whether she is sick or well, she is always cheerful.
目的???句
[
??
]
引?目的???句的??或??一般有:so that以便，in order that以便，in case免得;以防，for fear(that)惟恐;以免，lest & for fear that惟恐;以免;?不使；now that & given that因?。
e.g.
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be by eight.
They started early so that they might arrive in time.
They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.
She explained again and again in case we should misunderstand her.
They spoke in whisper for fear (that) they might wake the baby.
Lest anyone should think it strange,let me assure you that it is quite true.
?果???句
[
??
]
?果???句一般由so,that,so that,so...that,such that等引?放在主句之后。
e.g.
He spoke so fast that nobody could understand what he was saying.
He made such repid progress that he soon began to write articles in English.
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later.
He told us such a story that we all laughed.=He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.
He phoned me on arrival so that I knew he was safe and sound.
Suddenly it began to rain heavily,so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
注意：So that引??果???句?：so that前常有逗?，?句中常无情???；引?目的???句?：so that前常无逗?，?句中常有情???。
方式???句
[
??
]
方式???句一般由??as(正如;就像),as if/though(好像;宛如)引?。
as引?的方式???句，意思?"in the way or manner that"
[
??
]
e.g.
Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?
She enjoys all kinds of music,as I do.
Like me,she enjoys all kinds of music.
Nobody understands him like/as I do.
as if/though
[
??
]
e.g.
They looked at me as if/as though I were mad.
They look as if/as though they know each other.
比????句
[
??
]
比????句一般由than（比）,as...as(和...一?),not as/so...as...(和...不一?),the+形容?比??/副?比??+the+形容?比??/副?比??(越...越...)等引?。
than
[
??
]
e.g.
She likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties.
He has lived here longer than I (has lived).
They love the girl than (they love) him.
He has more friends than she (does).
Air in the country is much fresher than that in the city.
She is younger than me. <Spoken English>
You are more industrious than her. <Spoken English>
as..as 或 not so/as..as
[
??
]
e.g.
We were as fortunate as them (they were).
I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done).
She runs as fast as a boy (does).
the...the...
[
??
]
e.g.
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
The more pictures I take,the more skilled I become.