法?瑪旅
(阿拉伯?:
???? ?????????
)是
?利???
中一個在2014年建立的親政府
民兵
組織,由
伊朗政府
招募的
阿富汗什葉派穆斯林
組成,協助
?利亞政府
對抗反政府武裝。法?瑪旅由伊朗
伊斯?革命??
訓練及提供資金和裝備,?由伊朗軍官指揮作戰。
[4]
據報法?瑪旅在2016年6月的兵力有12,000-14,000人。
[27]
法?瑪旅的成員主要從伊朗的阿富汗難民以及阿富汗的
哈?拉人
中招募。
[28]
應募者獲承諾給予伊朗公民權及500美元月薪。
[4]
[29]
他們在伊朗接受兩星期的基本軍事訓練後,以包機送到?利亞參與戰?。
[30]
在?利亞政府收復
幼?拉底河
以西的大部分失地後,2019年美國之音報導已有數以千計的法?瑪旅成員離開?利亞。阿富汗官員擔心這些有戰?經驗的人返回阿富汗後或會繼續聽令於伊朗,威脅阿富汗安全,要求伊朗勿把他們送回阿富汗。
[31]
歷史
[
??
]
成立背景
[
??
]
法?瑪旅是由前
阿富汗
什葉派
民兵組織
阿布札爾旅
的戰士組成,阿布札爾旅活躍?參與過
蘇維埃-阿富汗戰爭
、
第三次阿富汗內戰
及
伊朗-伊拉克戰爭
,因
美國入侵阿富汗
後崩潰。在伊朗-伊拉克戰爭期間,阿布札爾旅的成員支持伊朗?組成志願軍參與了戰爭,而受到蘇維埃-阿富汗戰爭的影響,阿布札爾旅有著?富的
游擊戰
與
山地作戰
的經驗,因此在戰爭期間,阿布札爾旅的成員多駐紮在山上。此外,伊朗也在
阿富汗
與
巴基斯坦
扶植多個親伊朗組織,包含
阿富汗?主黨
及
巴基斯坦?主黨
,?與阿布札爾旅保持著友好關係。
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