普魯士?育制度

?基百科,自由的百科全?
柏林 克佩尼克宮 約翰·朱利葉斯·赫克 的紀念碑,他在1748年在普魯士創立了第一所?師神學院。赫克的半身像以?師的形象矗立在古典王公的位置

普魯士?育制度 是指 普魯士 在18世紀末19世紀初?育改革而建立的?育制度,該制度包括設立 師範學院 、普及全民義務?育、中小學?育改革、建立?究型大學( 柏林大學 ),對後世和當時的其他國家?生了廣泛而深遠的影響。普魯士?育體係是在18世紀後期引入的,在 拿破崙戰爭 初期 普魯士戰敗 後得到顯著加?。1807年簽訂《 提爾西特條約 》後普魯士被迫割地賠款,由此引發了 席捲全國的改革運動 。普魯士的?育改革在其他國家引發了類似的變化,促成了19世紀歐洲現代 民族國家的建立

這個詞本身?沒有在德國文獻中使用,?指的是 洪堡 ?育改革的主要方面。然而這一基本?念在二戰 去普魯士化 後引發了各種爭論和爭議,德國及其他地區的21世紀 中小學?育 仍然受到普魯士?育制度的影響。

延伸閱讀 [ ?? ]

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  • McClelland, Charles E. Berlin, the Mother of All Research Universities: 1860?1918 (2016)
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  • Ramsay, Paul. "Toiling together for social cohesion: International influences on the development of teacher education in the United States," Paedagogica Historica (2014) 50#1 pp 109?122.
  • Ringer, Fritz. Education and Society in Modern Europe (1979); focus on Germany and France with comparisons to US and Britain
  • Sagarra, Eda. A Social History of Germany, 1648?1914 (1977) online ?面存??? ,存于 互???案?
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  • Soysal, Yasemin Nuhoglu, and David Strang. "Construction of the First Mass Education Systems in Nineteenth-Century Europe," Sociology of Education (1989) 62#4 pp. 277?288 in JSTOR ?面存??? ,存于 互???案?
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  • Van Horn Melton, James. Absolutism and the eighteenth-century origins of compulsory schooling in Prussia and Austria (Cambridge University Press, 1988).

Primary sources [ ?? ]

  • Cubberley, Ellwood Patterson ed. Readings in the History of Education: A Collection of Sources and Readings to Illustrate the Development of Educational Practice, Theory, and Organization (1920) online pp 455?89, 634ff, 669ff