山茶?

山茶?
	茶? （ Camellia sinensis ）
科?分?
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	?管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	??子?植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊?植物 Asterids
目：	杜?花目 Ericales
科：	山茶科 Theaceae
族：	山茶族 Theeae
?：	山茶? Camellia ; L. , 1753
模式種
	山茶花 ; Camellia japonica ; L., 1753

山茶? （ ?名： Camellia ），或稱茶屬，是山茶科的一大?。品種約有200余種。主要分布中國的長江以南至雲南及越南等東亞與東南亞地區。其中的茶樹 ? 茶葉，許多?也可以做觀賞植物 ^[1]。

?名 Camellia ??念耶????士 ?治·?瑟夫·?梅? （George Joseph Kamel，1667-1706）而命名。

特征 [ ?? ]

山茶??一?灌木或?木植物。?多?革?，羽??，有??，具柄，少?抱??近无柄。花?性，?生或腋生，?花或2-3??生，有短柄；苞片2-6片，或更多；?片5-6，分?或基部?生，有?更多，苞片??片有?逐???，?成苞被，?6片多至15片，?落或宿存；花冠白色或?色，有??色，基部多少?合；花瓣5-12片，栽培?常?重瓣，覆瓦?排列；雄?多?，排成2-6?，外?花?常于下半部?合成花?管，??花瓣基部合生；花??裂，背部着生，有??基部着生；子房上位，3-5室，花柱5-3?或5-3裂；每室有胚珠??。果??果，5-3?自上部裂?，少??下部裂?，果?木?或栓?；中?存在，或因2室不育而无中?；?子?球形或半?形，?皮角?，胚乳?富。 ^[2]

物種 [ ?? ]

根据世界植物在? ?据?的??，本?目前包含以下224?： ^[3]

Camellia albata Orel & Curry
Camellia amplexicaulis (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart
抱?短?茶 Camellia amplexifolia Merr. & Chun
Camellia anderseniae Orel
Camellia andrefrancisii Orel & Curry
安?瘤果茶 Camellia anlungensis Hung T.Chang
Camellia annamensis N.S.Ly, V.D.L??ng, N.đ.đ?, T.H.Le & T.L.Nguy?n ^[4]
大?毛?茶 Camellia assimiloides Sealy
五室金花茶 Camellia aurea Hung T.Chang
假大?茶 Camellia azalea C.F.Wei
Camellia bidoupensis Truong Luong & Tran
Camellia brevistaminata Orel & Curry
短柱茶 Camellia brevistyla (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia bugiamapensis Orel Curry,Luu & Q.D.Nguyen
Camellia campanulata OrelCurry & Luu
白毛?茶 Camellia candida HungT.Chang
Camellia capitata Orel Curry & Luu
Camellia cattienensis Orel
?尾毛?茶 Camellia caudata Wall.
浙江?山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu
Camellia cherryana Orel
Camellia chinmeiae S.L.Lee & T.Y.A.Yang
薄?金花茶 Camellia chrysanthoides Hung T.Chang
Camellia columna Orel & Curry
Camellia compacta Orel & Curry
Camellia concinna Orel & Curry
泰?管?茶 Camellia connata (Craib)Craib
Camellia corallina (Gagnep.)Sealy
心?毛?茶 Camellia cordifolia (F.P.Metcalf)Nakai
突肋茶 Camellia costata S.Y.Hu & S.Y.Liang
?州??茶 Camellia costei H.Lev.
?皮?果茶 Camellia crapnelliana Tutcher
厚?茶 Camellia crassicolumna HungT.Chang
厚柄??茶 Camellia crassipes Sealy
Camellia crassiphylla Ninh & Hakoda
Camellia crassisepala Orel & Curry
Camellia cuongiana Orel & Curry
?南??茶 Camellia cupiformis T.L.Ming
Camellia curryana Orel & Luu
尖??茶 Camellia cuspidata (Kochs)Bean
Camellia dalatensis V.D.Luong Ninh & Hakoda
德保金花茶 Camellia debaoensis R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liu fu, 2019 ^[5]
Camellia decora Orel Curry & Luu
Camellia dilinhensis Ninh & V.D.Luong
Camellia discorsa Orel & Curry
Camellia dongnaicensis Orel
Camellia dormoyana (Pierre)Sealy
Camellia drupifera Lour.
Camellia duyana Orel Curry & Luu
尖??山茶 Camellia edithae Hance
Camellia elizabethae Orel & Curry
?管??茶 ] Camellia elongata (Rehder & E.H.Wilson)Rehder
Camellia erubescens Orel & Curry
Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy, 1949
??金花茶 Camellia euphlebia Merr.ex Sealy
????茶 Camellia euryoides Lindl.
Camellia exigua Orel & Curry
防城茶 Camellia fangchengensis S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong
Camellia fansipanensis J.M.H.Shaw Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen
簇?金花茶 Camellia fascicularis Hung T.Chang
Camellia flava (Pit.)Sealy
淡?金花茶 Camellia flavida Hung T.Chang
Camellia fleuryi (A.Chev.)Sealy
Camellia flosculora Curry V.S.Le,T.Q.Cuong & V.D.Luong
窄?短柱茶 Camellia fluviatilis Hand.-Mazz.
Camellia foleyana Orel & Curry
蒙自??茶 Camellia forrestii (Diels)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia fragilis Orel & Curry
毛柄??茶 Camellia fraterna Hance
Camellia fulva Orel & Curry
?果茶 Camellia furfuracea (Merr.)Cohen-Stuart
硬??果茶 Camellia gaudichaudii (Gagnep.)Sealy
Camellia gilbertii (A.Chev.)Sealy
?助??茶 Camellia glabricostata T.L.Ming
Camellia gracilipes Merr.ex Sealy
大苞茶 Camellia grandibracteata Hung T.Chang,Y.J.Tan,F.L.Yu & P.S.Wang
大苞山茶 Camellia granthamiana Sealy
?瓣短柱茶 Camellia grijsii Hance
?房茶 Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang
海南油茶 Camellia hainanica Y.L.Zhao & Z.G.Xu
Camellia harlandii Orel & Curry
Camellia hatinhensis V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
河口超?柄茶 Camellia hekouensis C.J.Wang & G.S.Fan
冬?短柱茶 Camellia hiemalis Nakai
Camellia hirsuta Hakoda & Ninh
Camellia honbaensis Luu Q.D.Nguyen & G.Tran
Camellia hongiaoensis Orel & Curry
香港?山茶 Camellia hongkongensis Seem.
?州金花茶 Camellia huana T.L.Ming & W.J.Zhang
Camellia huulungensis Rosmann & Ninh
冬??山茶 Camellia ilicifolia Y.K.Li
Camellia illia Orel & Curry
凹?金花茶 Camellia impressinervis Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
中越山茶 Camellia indochinensis Merr.
Camellia ingens Orel & Curry
Camellia insularis Orel & Curry
Camellia × intermedia (Tuyama) Nagam.
Camellia inusitata Orel Curry & Luu
山茶 Camellia japonica L.
Camellia kirinoi Ninh
落瓣短柱茶 Camellia kissii Wall.
Camellia krempfii (Gagnep.)Sealy
?西茶 Camellia kwangsiensis Hung T.Chang
管?茶 Camellia lanceolata (Blume)Seem.
Camellia langbianensis (Gagnep.)P.H.Ho
Camellia laotica (Gagnep.)T.L.Ming
Camellia latifolia Orel & Curry
四川毛?茶 Camellia lawii Sealy
膜?茶 Camellia leptophylla S.Ye Liang ex Hung T.Chang
Camellia ligustrina Orel Curry & Luu
????茶 Camellia longicalyx Hung T.Chang
Camellia longii Orel & Luu
?柄山茶 Camellia longipedicellata (Hu)Hung T.Chang & D.Fang
超?柄茶 Camellia longissima Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
Camellia lucii Orel & Curry
Camellia luongii Ninh & Le
Camellia lutchuensis T.Ito
云南管?茶 Camellia luteocalpandria S.X.Yang & E.D.Liu
Camellia luteocerata Orel
小?花茶 Camellia luteoflora Y.K.Li ex Hung T.Chang & F.A.Zeng
Camellia luteonerva Orel & Curry
Camellia luteopallida V.D.Luong T.Q.T.Nguyen & Luu
Camellia maiana Orel
毛??山茶 Camellia mairei (H.Lev.)Melch.
?牛山山茶 Camellia maoniushanensis J.L.Liu & Q.Luo
Camellia megasepala Hung T.Chang & Trin Ninh
??毛?茶 Camellia melliana Hand.-Mazz.
小花金花茶 Camellia micrantha S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong
?勒?果茶 Camellia mileensis T.L.Ming
富?金花茶 Camellia mingii S.X.Yang
Camellia minima Orel & Curry
Camellia mollis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
Camellia montana (Blanco)Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
Camellia multigemma Orel & Curry
Camellia murauchii Ninh & Hakoda
Camellia namkadingensis Soulad. & Tagane
Camellia nematodea (Gagnep.)Sealy
Camellia nervosa (Gagnep.)Hung T.Chang
Camellia ngheanensis N.D.DoV.D.Luong,N.S.Ly,T.H.Le & D.H.Nguy?n
Camellia ninhii V.D.Luong & Le
Camellia oconoriana Orel Curry & Luu
油茶 Camellia oleifera C.Abel
厚短?茶 Camellia pachyandra Hu
Camellia pallida Orel & Curry
?花短?茶 Camellia parviflora Merr. & ChunexSealy
小瘤果茶 Camellia parvimuricata Hung T.Chang
Camellia parvula Orel & Curry
腺???茶 Camellia paucipunctata (Merr. & Chun)Chun
Camellia pentagonalema Orel & Curry
四季花金花茶 Camellia perpetua S. Ye Liang & L. D. Huang
金花茶 Camellia petelotii (Merr.)Sealy
Camellia phanii Hakoda & Ninh
Camellia philippinensis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
毛???茶 Camellia pilosperma S.Yun Liang
平果金花茶 Camellia pingguoensis D.Fang
Camellia piquetiana (Pierre)Sealy
Camellia pirifructa Orel & Curry
西南?山茶 Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart
Camellia pleurocarpa (Gagnep.)Sealy
多??山茶 Camellia polyodonta F.C.How ex Hu
Camellia proensis V.D.Luong Dudkin & V.H.Quach
Camellia psilocarpa X.G.Shi & C.X.Ye
毛?茶 Camellia ptilophylla HungT.Chang
Camellia pubicosta Merr.
毛?果茶 Camellia pubifurfuracea Y.C.Zhong
毛瓣金花茶 Camellia pubipetala Y.Wan & S.Z.Huang
Camellia puhoatensis N.S.Ly V.D.Luong,T.H.Le,D.H.Nguy?n & N.D.Do
Camellia pukhangensis N.D.Do V.D.Luong,S.T.Hoang & T.H.Le
Camellia pulchella Orel & Curry
斑枝毛?茶 Camellia punctata (Kochs)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia pyriparva Orel & Curry
Camellia pyxidiacea Z.R.XuF.P.Chen & C.Y.Deng
Camellia quangcuongii L.V.Dung S.T.Hoang & Nhan
Camellia reflexa Orel & Curry
Camellia renshanxiangiae C.X.Ye & X.Q.Zheng
?山茶 Camellia reticulata Lindl.
?果茶 Camellia rhytidocarpa HungT.Chang & S.YeLiang
Camellia rosacea Tagane Soulad. & Yahara
????茶 Camellia rosiflora Hook.
Camellia rosmannii Ninh
川???茶 Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.
喙果金花茶 Camellia rostrata S.X.Yang & S.F.Chai ^[6]
?基茶 Camellia rotundata Chang et Yu，接受名?：厚?茶 Camellia crassicolumna
Camellia rubriflora Ninh & Hakoda
柳?毛?茶 Camellia salicifolia Champ.
怒江?山茶 Camellia saluenensis StapfexBean
茶梅 Camellia sasanqua Thunb.
Camellia scabrosa Orel & Curry
老?茶 Camellia sealyana T.L.Ming
南山茶 Camellia semiserrata C.W.Chi
七瓣??茶 Camellia septempetala Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi
Camellia siangensis T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar
茶? Camellia sinensis (L.)Kuntze，茶
Camellia sonthaiensis Luu V.D.Luong,Q.D.Nguyen & T.Q.T.Nguyen
Camellia stellata Orel & Curry
五室??茶 Camellia stuartiana Sealy
全??山茶 Camellia subintegra P.C.Huang
Camellia suddeeana D.Wei Zhao ^[7]
Camellia synaptica Sealy
半宿?茶 Camellia szechuanensis C.W.Chi
思茅短?茶 Camellia szemaoensis Hung T.Chang
大?茶 Camellia tachangensis F.S.Zhang
Camellia tadungensis Orel Curry & Luu
大理茶 Camellia taliensis (W.W.Sm.)Melch.
大姚短柱茶 Camellia tenii Sealy
Camellia thailandica Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
Camellia thanxaensa Hakoda & Kirino
Camellia thuongiana V.D.Luong A.Le & T.L.Nguyen
Camellia tienyenensis Orel & Curry
Camellia tomentosa Orel & Curry
?京金花茶 Camellia tonkinensis (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart
阿里山??茶 Camellia transarisanensis (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart
毛枝??茶 Camellia trichoclada (Rehder)S.S.Chien
Camellia triquetra Orel & Curry
云南??茶 Camellia tsaii Hu
金???茶 Camellia tsingpienensis Hu
瘤果茶 Camellia tuberculata S.S.Chien
Camellia tuyenquangensis V.D.Luong Le & Ninh
???山茶 Camellia uraku Kitam.
Camellia vanlangensis V.D. Luong & V.T. Pham ^[8]
Camellia venusta Orel & Curry
小果毛?茶 Camellia villicarpa S.S.Chien
????茶 Camellia viridicalyx Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
Camellia viscosa Orel & Curry
Camellia vuquangensis V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
????茶 Camellia wardii Kobuski
Camellia wilkesiana Orel & Curry
武?金花茶 Camellia wumingensis S.Ye Liang & C.R.Fu ex Hai L.Chen ^[9]
?花短?茶 Camellia xanthochroma K.M.Feng & L.S.Xie
Camellia yokdonensis Dungbis & Hakoda
五柱?山茶 Camellia yunnanensis (Pit. ex Diels)Cohen-Stuart
Camellia zhaiana S.X.Yang
紫金短柱茶 Camellia zijinica M.Lin, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan, 2024 ^[10]

品? [ ?? ]

山茶?植物具有重要的??价?，茶?是世界三大植物?料之一；茶花是中?十大名花，深受世界各?人民的喜?；油茶?是一??良的木本油料植物。根据世界山茶?植物品??据? 的??，世界范??1253年至2023年的茶花、茶?、茶油品?有26,087? ^[11]^[12]。

?考文? [ ?? ]

^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants . United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008: 1136. ISBN 1405332964 .
^ 中?植物志. 中?科?院中?植物志?纂委?? , ?. 中?植物志·第四十九卷·第三分? 第一版. 北京: 科?出版社. 1998: 4 [ 2022-11-13 ] . ISBN 7-03-006265-5 . （原始?容存? 于2022-11-13）.
^ Camellia L. . Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. [ 2022-11-13 ] . （原始?容存? 于2023-02-03）.
^ Ng?c-Sam Ly, V?n-D?ng L??ng, Th?-H??ng Le, Ng?c-đai đ?, Ninh TR?N, Anh-đ?c Nguy?n, Th?-Li?u Nguy?n, Chiyomi Uematsu and Hironori Katayama. 2022. Camellia annamensis (Theaceae), A New Species from central Vietnam. Taiwania. 67(2); 243-249 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.243
^ Hu, Renchuan,Wei, Sujuan,Liufu, Yongqing,et al. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China[J]. PHYTOKEYS,2019(135):49-58.
^ Zhen-Wen Liu, Sheng-Feng Chai, Fang-Yuan Wu, Pin-Ming Ye, Chang-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Xiang-Qin Yu, Jin-Lin Ma and Shi-Xiong Yang. 2020. Camellia rostrata, A New Species of Yellow Camellias from Southwest China. Phytotaxa. 459(1); 61?68. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.459.1.6
^ Dongwei Zhao. 2023. Camellia suddeeana (Theaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 594(3); 232-236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.7， http://Researchgate.net/publication/370328018_Camellia_suddeeana_a_new_species_from_Thailand
^ Ngoc Bon Trinh, Van Dung Luong, Nguyet Hai Ninh Le and Van The Pham. 2023. Camellia vanlangensis (Theaceae, Sect. Archecamellia), A New Yellow-flowered Species from Vietnam. Taiwania. 68(4); 465-471. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1965
^ Hai-Ling Chen, Su-Juan Wei, Shao-Qing Tang and Yan Liu. 2023. Camellia wumingensis (Theaceae), A neglected Species from Guangxi, China. Taiwania. 68(4); 472-479. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1966
^ Min Lin, Qin-Liang Ye, Zhi-Jian Zhang, Wen-Bo Liao and Qiang Fan. 2024. ?Camellia zijinica (Theaceae), A New Species endemic to Danxia Landscape from Guangdong Province, China. PhytoKeys. 237: 245-255. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114768
^ International Camellia Register-Camellia,Cultivars,Species,Photos . camellia.iflora.cn. [ 2023-02-11 ] . （原始?容存? 于2023-02-11）.
^ Wang, Yanan; Zhuang, Huifu; Shen, Yunguang; Wang, Yuhua; Wang, Zhonglang. The Dataset of Camellia Cultivars Names in the World . Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021-01-19, 9 [ 2023-02-11 ] . ISSN 1314-2828 . PMC 7838149   . PMID 33519266 . doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e61646 . （原始?容存? 于2023-02-11）.

延伸?? [ ?? ]

[ 在?基?据 ? ? ]

《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·山茶部》，出自 ??雷《古今圖書集成》

《植物名實圖考·山茶》，出自吳其濬《植物名實圖考》

外部連接 [ ?? ]

Camellia . ITIS .

The International Camellia Society （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）
The American Camellia Society （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）
The Southeastern Camellia Society
Website with many Camellia illustrations from European and Japanese Camellia Books
First Public Camellia Show （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ） historical marker

[1] RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants . United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008: 1136. ISBN 1405332964 .

[2] 中?植物志. 中?科?院中?植物志?纂委?? , ?. 中?植物志·第四十九卷·第三分? 第一版. 北京: 科?出版社. 1998: 4 [ 2022-11-13 ] . ISBN 7-03-006265-5 . （原始?容存? 于2022-11-13）.

[3] Camellia L. . Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. [ 2022-11-13 ] . （原始?容存? 于2023-02-03）.

[4] Ng?c-Sam Ly, V?n-D?ng L??ng, Th?-H??ng Le, Ng?c-đai đ?, Ninh TR?N, Anh-đ?c Nguy?n, Th?-Li?u Nguy?n, Chiyomi Uematsu and Hironori Katayama. 2022. Camellia annamensis (Theaceae), A New Species from central Vietnam. Taiwania. 67(2); 243-249 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.243

[5] Hu, Renchuan,Wei, Sujuan,Liufu, Yongqing,et al. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China[J]. PHYTOKEYS,2019(135):49-58.

[6] Zhen-Wen Liu, Sheng-Feng Chai, Fang-Yuan Wu, Pin-Ming Ye, Chang-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Xiang-Qin Yu, Jin-Lin Ma and Shi-Xiong Yang. 2020. Camellia rostrata, A New Species of Yellow Camellias from Southwest China. Phytotaxa. 459(1); 61?68. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.459.1.6

[7] Dongwei Zhao. 2023. Camellia suddeeana (Theaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 594(3); 232-236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.7， http://Researchgate.net/publication/370328018_Camellia_suddeeana_a_new_species_from_Thailand

[8] Ngoc Bon Trinh, Van Dung Luong, Nguyet Hai Ninh Le and Van The Pham. 2023. Camellia vanlangensis (Theaceae, Sect. Archecamellia), A New Yellow-flowered Species from Vietnam. Taiwania. 68(4); 465-471. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1965

[9] Hai-Ling Chen, Su-Juan Wei, Shao-Qing Tang and Yan Liu. 2023. Camellia wumingensis (Theaceae), A neglected Species from Guangxi, China. Taiwania. 68(4); 472-479. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1966

[10] Min Lin, Qin-Liang Ye, Zhi-Jian Zhang, Wen-Bo Liao and Qiang Fan. 2024. ?Camellia zijinica (Theaceae), A New Species endemic to Danxia Landscape from Guangdong Province, China. PhytoKeys. 237: 245-255. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114768

[11] International Camellia Register-Camellia,Cultivars,Species,Photos . camellia.iflora.cn. [ 2023-02-11 ] . （原始?容存? 于2023-02-11）.

[12] Wang, Yanan; Zhuang, Huifu; Shen, Yunguang; Wang, Yuhua; Wang, Zhonglang. The Dataset of Camellia Cultivars Names in the World . Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021-01-19, 9 [ 2023-02-11 ] . ISSN 1314-2828 . PMC 7838149   . PMID 33519266 . doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e61646 . （原始?容存? 于2023-02-11）.

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