契??

契?? （英語： contractarianism ^[1]），又作 契?主? ， ^[2]是一?? 政治?力合法性的一?系???的政治哲?理?， ^[3]其最基本的?点是?家的?生?自人?人之?或人民??治者之?相互?立的契?。 ^[4]

?念?源 [ ?? ]

契??最早源自于古希? 智者?派，?描?了一幅法律?生之前的自然??，?了走出自然???入文明社?，?家和法律就?生了，?治的合法性建立在??的同意和授?之上，政府的?力?源于自然?利的?渡。然而，?于契?的作用，智者派?者??点各?甚至?立，普?泰戈拉 ?向于肯定契?的作用，安提? 等??契?及其?物?? 人?法基本上采取否定的?度。他??社?契?形成的??不充分，?且?其作用的表述也不?明?。

?格拉底是?洲政治思想史上最早提出?家?公民之?的?系是契??系的先?之一，?使被民?无故判?死刑，朋友?其越?以自保，他却???法律契?的?威而甘愿赴死。但是，古希?哲?家伊壁?? 及其弟子亦?伊壁???派?是?史上最早?理?上深刻而系?地?述了契??思想。

伊壁??借用和改造了德?克利特的“ 原子 ”理?，?? ?家 ? 法律是契? 的?物，其价?在于保障?人的自由和安全。 ^[5]伊壁???派和斯多葛派分??人的特殊性和普遍性??方面提出???了契??。 ^[6]

參考 [ ?? ]

社會契約

?考文? [ ?? ]

^ ?德中. 政治??主?的??：“自主性”?“封?性”??由: "自主性"?"封?性"??由 . 1 January 2015: 149? [ 2019-01-02 ] . ISBN 978-7-5161-5894-4 . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.
^ 曾瑞明. 參與對等與全球正義 . 聯經出版事業公司. 30 April 2014: 82? [ 2019-01-02 ] . ISBN 978-957-08-4382-8 . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.
^ 蔡拓. 契???究 . 南?大?出版社. 1987 [ 2019-01-02 ] . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.
^ "For the name social contract (or original contract) often covers two different kinds of contract, and, in tracing the evolution of the theory, it is well to distinguish them. Both were current in the 17th century and both can be discovered in Greek political thought. ... [The first] generally involved some theory of the origin of the state. The second form of social contract may be more accurately called the contract of government, or the contract of submission.... Generally, it has nothing to do with the origins of society, but, presupposing a society already formed, it purports to define the terms on which that society is to be governed: the people have made a contract with their ruler which determines their relations with him. They promise him obedience, while he promises his protection and good government. While he keeps his part of the bargain, they must keep theirs, but if he misgoverns the contract is broken and allegiance is at an end." J. W. Gough , The Social Contract (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936), pp. 2?3. Modern revivals of social contract theories have not been as concerned with the origin of the state.
^ 蔡磊; 蔡昌. ?建?收?信：基于?子商?行??展?角 . 15 July 2015: 50? [ 2019-01-02 ] . ISBN 978-7-5095-6287-1 . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.
^ 古希臘羅馬時期的"契約論 " . 人民網. 2005年10月27日 [2019年1月2日] . （原始?容存?于2019年1月2日）.

[陈德中2015-1] ?德中. 政治??主?的??：“自主性”?“封?性”??由: "自主性"?"封?性"??由 . 1 January 2015: 149? [ 2019-01-02 ] . ISBN 978-7-5161-5894-4 . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.

[曾瑞明2014-2] 曾瑞明. 參與對等與全球正義 . 聯經出版事業公司. 30 April 2014: 82? [ 2019-01-02 ] . ISBN 978-957-08-4382-8 . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.

[蔡拓1987-3] 蔡拓. 契???究 . 南?大?出版社. 1987 [ 2019-01-02 ] . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.

[4] "For the name social contract (or original contract) often covers two different kinds of contract, and, in tracing the evolution of the theory, it is well to distinguish them. Both were current in the 17th century and both can be discovered in Greek political thought. ... [The first] generally involved some theory of the origin of the state. The second form of social contract may be more accurately called the contract of government, or the contract of submission.... Generally, it has nothing to do with the origins of society, but, presupposing a society already formed, it purports to define the terms on which that society is to be governed: the people have made a contract with their ruler which determines their relations with him. They promise him obedience, while he promises his protection and good government. While he keeps his part of the bargain, they must keep theirs, but if he misgoverns the contract is broken and allegiance is at an end." J. W. Gough , The Social Contract (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936), pp. 2?3. Modern revivals of social contract theories have not been as concerned with the origin of the state.

[蔡磊蔡昌2015-5] 蔡磊; 蔡昌. ?建?收?信：基于?子商?行??展?角 . 15 July 2015: 50? [ 2019-01-02 ] . ISBN 978-7-5095-6287-1 . （原始?容存?于2020-10-21）.

[6] 古希臘羅馬時期的"契約論 " . 人民網. 2005年10月27日 [2019年1月2日] . （原始?容存?于2019年1月2日）.

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