한국   대만   중국   일본 
地域大? - ?基百科,自由的百科全? 跳?到?容

地域大?

?基百科,自由的百科全?

地域大國 或稱 區域?權 ,指在 國際關係 中,一個在某個地理區域內擁有較大影響力的國家 [1] [2] 。這些國家被認?是控制某個地區安全性的關鍵國家 [3] ,所掌握的影響力與實力能?讓?們成?一地區性?主。

特性 [ ?? ]

地域大國通常在某個地區具有影響力,但是通常情況下,?們的影響力還不足以影響整個世界。關於地域大國的定義目前還有一定的爭議,根據 歐洲政治?究協會 英? European Consortium for Political Research 的定義,“地域大國是某個地理區域內在經濟上、軍事上處於主導地位,擁有控制該地區能力?在世界範圍內具有一定影響力的國家。?們運用自己的實力使自己成?,或?迫該地區其他國家承認自己是該地區的領導人。” [1]

德國 全球和區域?究所( German Institute of Global and Area Studies )認?地域大國必須具有以下特點:

  1. 與該地區具有地緣性的聯繫;
  2. 符合一個地域大國的形象;
  3. 能?在該地區實際思想上的影響力;
  4. 在人口、經濟、軍事、政治和意識形態上具有領先地位;
  5. ?高地融入該區域;
  6. 對地區性安全具有較高的掌控力;
  7. 能?得到該地區其他國家,尤其是其他地域大國的接受和讚揚;
  8. 能??好地溝通地域和全球。 [2]

一些國家?可以是 大國 ,也可以是地域大國;同樣的,一些國家也可以?是 中等?國 ,又是地域大國。

目前的地域大國 [ ?? ]

以下國家是目前已經被大多數國際關係學和政治學學者、分析師或專家所認可的地域大國。這些國家在一定程度上滿足上述地域大國的標準,但是對於究竟是不是地域大國,不同的學者有不同的意見,以下?非依排名排列。

亞洲 [ ?? ]

東亞 [ ?? ]

東南亞 [ ?? ]

南亞 [ ?? ]

西亞 [ ?? ]

歐洲 [ ?? ]

?歐 [ ?? ]

西歐 [ ?? ]

美洲 [ ?? ]

北美洲 [ ?? ]

中南美洲 [ ?? ]

非洲 [ ?? ]

?部非洲 [ ?? ]

南部非洲 [ ?? ]

中部非洲 [ ?? ]

西部非洲 [ ?? ]

北部非洲 [ ?? ]

大洋洲 [ ?? ]

注? [ ?? ]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 波斯灣 地區的區域大國
  2. ^ 黎凡特 地區的區域大國

參考文獻 [ ?? ]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 www.essex.ac.uk . [ 2007-02-02 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2007-02-02).  
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 www.giga-hamburg.de (PDF) . [ 2011-06-29 ] . (原始?容 存? (PDF) 于2009-03-27).  
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Buzan, Barry. The United States and the Great Powers . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press. 2004: 71 . ISBN  0745633757 .  
  4. ^ Gyngell, Allan. Living With The Giants . Time. 2005-04-18 [ 2019-10-04 ] . ISSN 0040-781X . (原始?容 存? 于2019-10-03) (美?英?) .  
  5. ^ China: Global/Regional Power . [ 2011-06-29 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2005-10-18).  
  6. ^ CNN In-Depth Specials - Visions of China - Asian Superpower: Regional 'godfather' or local bully? . www.cnn.com. [ 2019-10-04 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2000-02-29).  
  7. ^ Correspondents Report - China: paramount power in South East Asia . www.abc.net.au. [ 2019-10-04 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2007-10-23).  
  8. ^ China's 'Peaceful Rise' Doctrine . [ 2007-05-23 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2007-08-31).  
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 存?副本 . [ 2011-06-29 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2020-04-07).  
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Holliday, Ian. Japan and the Myanmar Stalemate: Regional Power and Resolution of a Regional Problem . Japanese Journal of Political Science. 2005/12, 6 (3): 393?410 [ 2019-10-04 ] . ISSN 1474-0060 . doi:10.1017/S1468109905001969 . (原始?容 存? 于2020-04-24) (英?) .  
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 www.csbaonline.org . [ 2011-08-09 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2016-03-03).  
  12. ^ 存?副本 (PDF) . [ 2010-04-24 ] . ( 原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2009-01-09).  
  13. ^ Hwang, Balbina Y. Introduction: The rise of Korea . East Asia. 2004-06-01, 21 (2): 39?41. ISSN 1874-6284 . doi:10.1007/s12140-004-0015-x (英?) .  
  14. ^ 存?副本 . [ 2017-03-05 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2010-04-07).  
  15. ^ 存?副本 . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2012-05-29).  
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 www.aims.ca (PDF) . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2006-07-21).  
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 [1]
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Buzan, Barry; Wæver, Ole. Regions and powers: the structure of international security . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003: 55 . ISBN  0521891116 .  
  19. ^ Perkovich, George. Is India a Major Power? (PDF) . The Washington Quarterly. [ 2007-12-13 ] . ( 原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2008-02-27).  
  20. ^ Encarta - Great Powers . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2009-11-01).  
  21. ^ Dilip Mohite. Swords and Ploughshares- India: The Fourth Great Power? . Vol. 7, No. 3. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS). Spring 1993 [ 2007-12-13 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2006-09-01).  
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 NIC Chairman: The CIA in the New World Order ? Central Intelligence Agency . www.cia.gov. [ 2019-10-04 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2019-06-17).  
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 meria.idc.ac.il . [ 2011-06-29 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2011-06-11).  
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 www.chathamhouse.org.uk (PDF) . [ 2011-06-29 ] . (原始?容 存? (PDF) 于2007-06-29).  
  25. ^ Walt, John Mearsheimer and Stephen. The Israel Lobby . London Review of Books. 2006-03-23: 3?12 [ 2019-10-04 ] . ISSN 0260-9592 . (原始?容 存? 于2019-10-05).  
  26. ^ Kawaguchi asks Saudi Arabia to put pressure on Iraq | Japan Policy & … . archive.is. 2012-05-29 [ 2019-10-04 ] . 原始?容存?于2012-05-29.  
  27. ^ ' The Balkans Opening': The Tadic-Gul meeting at Karlowitz, by Ihsan Bal. October 31, 2009. . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2011-07-24).  
  28. ^ 存?副本 (PDF) . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2011-07-16).  
  29. ^ yaleglobal.yale.edu . [ 2011-06-29 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2004-08-26).  
  30. ^ www.acronym.org.uk . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2016-03-04).  
  31. ^ Maclean, William. Syria raids show Saudi, UAE ambition to extend regional authority . Reuters. 30 September 2014 [ 26 October 2014] . (原始?容 存? 于2014-10-26).  
  32. ^ Gause, F. Gregory. ISIS and the New Middle East Cold War . Brookings Institution. 25 August 2014 [ 26 October 2014] . (原始?容 存? 于2014-10-26).  
  33. ^ Matthew, Francis. UAE’s growing openness . Gulf News. 15 October 2014 [ 26 October 2014] . (原始?容 存? 于2014-12-30).  
  34. ^ http://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm ?面存??? ,存于 互???案? ) www.carnegie.ru
  35. ^ " Regional Powers React to Proposed US Invasion of Iraq " . www.globalpolicy.org. [ 2019-10-04 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2020-04-07).  
  36. ^ tspace.library.utoronto.ca (PDF) . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2007-06-28).  
  37. ^ 37.0 37.1 Relations, Inaugural Pan-European Conference in International; Int, Inaugural Pan-European Conference in. The Middle East and Europe: The Power Deficit . Psychology Press. 1998 [ 2019-10-04 ] . ISBN  9780415140447 . (原始?容 存? 于2020-04-24) (英?) .  
  38. ^ www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2009-08-16).  
  39. ^ White, Michael Defence cuts: will the US now give up on us? ?面存??? ,存于 互???案? ) guardian.co.uk, 19 October 2010
  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 Ovendale, Ritchie. Review of Power in Europe? Great Britain, France, Italy and Germany in a Postwar World, 1945-1950, , ; Histoire des debuts de la construction europeenne (mars 1948-mai 1950). Origins of the European Integration (March 1948-May 1950) . The English Historical Review. 1988, 103 (406): 154?156 [ 2019-10-04 ] . ISSN 0013-8266 . (原始?容 存? 于2019-12-31).  
  41. ^ foreignaffairs.org ?面存??? ,存于 互???案? )| Ben W. Heineman, Jr., and Fritz Heimann speak of Italy as a major country or "player" along with Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, in "The Long War Against Corruption".
  42. ^ M. De Leonardis, Il Mediterraneo nella politica estera italiana del secondo dopoguerra , Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003, p. 17
  43. ^ carabinieri.it . [ 2020-10-04 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2020-08-24).  
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era . [ 2007-02-28 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2012-09-12).  
  45. ^ 45.0 45.1 www.britannica.com . [ 2011-06-29 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2007-05-05).  
  46. ^ 46.0 46.1 SOARES DE LIMA, MARIA REGINA; HIRST, MONICA. Brazil as an intermediate state and regional power: action, choice and responsibilities . International Affairs (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2006, 82 (1): 21?40. ISSN 0020-5850 . doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00513.x .  
  47. ^ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Bandeira, Luiz Alberto Moniz. Brazil as a Regional Power and Its Relations with the United States . Latin American Perspectives. 2006-05-01, 33 (3): 12?27. ISSN 0094-582X . doi:10.1177/0094582X06287338 (英?) .  
  48. ^ Plan Hang On . The Economist. 2015-06-13 [ 2019-10-04 ] . ISSN 0013-0613 . (原始?容 存? 于2020-04-24).  
  49. ^ www.fntg.org (PDF) . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2007-07-02).  
  50. ^ 50.0 50.1 "And in the Horn of Africa, there is Ethiopia as the regional power." See Godfrey Mwakikagile, Africa is in a Mess (Pretoria: New Africa Press, 2006), p. 31.
  51. ^ 51.0 51.1 "Regional powers, typically Nigeria and South Africa, but also including Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Senegal, that are perceived as crucial to the maintenance of regional stability and therefore as "regional anchors" of counterterrorism effors." See U.S. Naval War College, American Foreign Policy: Regional Perspectives (Newport, USA: Ruger Workshop: 2009), p. 263.
  52. ^ 52.0 52.1 www.iss.co.za . [ 2011-06-29 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2006-10-12).  
  53. ^ 53.0 53.1 53.2 "West Africa, with its strong French influence, is home to one of Africa's two regional giants, Nigeria, and the region has seen the scene of much political and ethnic unrest." See David Lynch, Trade and Globalization (Lanham, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010), p. 51.
  54. ^ 54.0 54.1 54.2 "South Africa is not the sole regional power on the continent, though; Nigeria is the other widely acknowledge centre of power in Africa and likewise a sub-regional superpower in West Africa." See Deon Geldenhuys, "South Africa: The Idea-driven Foreign Policy of a Regional Power," in Regional Leadership in the Global System , edited by Daniel Flemes (Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2010), p. 151.
  55. ^ "Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized." See David Lynch, Trade and Globalization (Lanham, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010), p. 51.
  56. ^ 56.0 56.1 U.S. Department of Defense . U.S. Department of Defense. [ 2019-10-04 ] . (原始?容 存? (PDF) 于2009-09-01) (美?英?) .  
  57. ^ Mubarak's game . archive.is. 2012-05-29 [ 2019-10-04 ] . 原始?容存?于2012-05-29.  
  58. ^ Algeria: Current Issues By Carol Migdalovitz
  59. ^ Australia as an Asia-Pacific Regional Power: Friendships in Flux?, 1st Edition (Hardback) - Routledge . Routledge.com. [ 2019-10-04 ] . (原始?容 存? 于2020-04-07) (英?) .  
  60. ^ Trade, corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and. Media Releases - Minister for Foreign Affairs - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs . foreignminister.gov.au. [ 2019-10-04 ] . ( 原始?容 存?于2018-11-05) (英?) .  

參見 [ ?? ]