口服?液

口服?液
	一?无色、透明的口服?液溶液
別稱	口服脫水補充液、口服補液治療、口服補液療法、口服?液?、口服?液溶液、口服糖?水
用途	腹?和其他原因?致的?水

口服?液 是一? ?液手段，目的是?防患者 ?水，尤其是腹瀉引起的?水。 ^[1]患者在口服補液時會喝下含有适量的糖和?（特?是 ? 、 ? ）的水。 ^[1]^[2]醫生也可以通過鼻胃管將液體輸入至患者體內，此時的補液方式也視?口服?液。 ^[1]据??，口服?液可?腹?的死亡??降低93%。 ^[3]

口服?液的副作用可能有 ?吐、高?血症、高鉀血症。 ^[1]如果出??吐，患者要?停口服補液10分?，然后再開始口服補液。 ^[1]目前世???推?配方是水、葡萄糖、 ?化? 、 ?化? 、 ??酸? 的溶液。其中葡萄糖可以用蔗糖代替，??酸?可以用 ?酸?? 代替。?化?和??酸?分?有助于?防低?血症和酸中毒，這些都是腹?的常?副作用。 ^[4]^[2]^[5]

口服?液始於20世?40年代。 ^[6]口服?液已被列入世界?生??基本?物?准?? 。 ^[7]

?考文? [ ?? ]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008 . World Health Organization (WHO). 2009: 349 ?351. ISBN 9789241547659 .
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Islam, M R. Citrate can effectively replace bicarbonate in oral rehydration salts for cholera and infantile diarrhoea . Bull World Health Organ. 1986, 64 (1): 145?150. PMC 2490925   . PMID 3015443 .
^ Munos, MK; Walker, CL; Black, RE. The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality. . International Journal of Epidemiology. April 2010, 39 (Suppl 1): i75?87. PMC 2845864   . PMID 20348131 . doi:10.1093/ije/dyq025 .
^ Binder, HJ; Brown, I; Ramakrishna, BS; Young, GP. Oral rehydration therapy in the second decade of the twenty-first century. . Current Gastroenterology Reports. March 2014, 16 (3): 376. PMC 3950600   . PMID 24562469 . doi:10.1007/s11894-014-0376-2 .
^ Nalin DR, Harland E, Ramlal A, Swaby D, McDonald J, Gangarosa R, Levine M, Akierman A, Antoine M, Mackenzie K, Johnson B. Comparison of low and high sodium and potassium content in oral rehydration solutions . J Pediatr. November 1980, 97 (5): 848?853. PMID 7431183 . doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80287-3 .
^ Selendy, Janine M. H. Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Environment: Challenges, Interventions and Preventive Measures . John Wiley & Sons. 2011: 60. ISBN 9781118148600 . （原始?容存?于18 September 2017）（英?） .
^ World Health Organization . World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[WHO2008-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008 . World Health Organization (WHO). 2009: 349 ?351. ISBN 9789241547659 .

[Islam1986-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Islam, M R. Citrate can effectively replace bicarbonate in oral rehydration salts for cholera and infantile diarrhoea . Bull World Health Organ. 1986, 64 (1): 145?150. PMC 2490925   . PMID 3015443 .

[Mun2010-3] Munos, MK; Walker, CL; Black, RE. The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality. . International Journal of Epidemiology. April 2010, 39 (Suppl 1): i75?87. PMC 2845864   . PMID 20348131 . doi:10.1093/ije/dyq025 .

[Bi2014-4] Binder, HJ; Brown, I; Ramakrishna, BS; Young, GP. Oral rehydration therapy in the second decade of the twenty-first century. . Current Gastroenterology Reports. March 2014, 16 (3): 376. PMC 3950600   . PMID 24562469 . doi:10.1007/s11894-014-0376-2 .

[nalin1980-5] Nalin DR, Harland E, Ramlal A, Swaby D, McDonald J, Gangarosa R, Levine M, Akierman A, Antoine M, Mackenzie K, Johnson B. Comparison of low and high sodium and potassium content in oral rehydration solutions . J Pediatr. November 1980, 97 (5): 848?853. PMID 7431183 . doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80287-3 .

[6] Selendy, Janine M. H. Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Environment: Challenges, Interventions and Preventive Measures . John Wiley & Sons. 2011: 60. ISBN 9781118148600 . （原始?容存?于18 September 2017）（英?） .

[WHO21st-7] World Health Organization . World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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