?同??

協同?? 是指小?成?共同??最?完成作品的工作形式。??意?、??和???于?同??的成功是至?重要的。 ^[1]

?述 [ ?? ]

?同?作是指由多?人完成?作；他?可能在?始之前先??他?要?什?，在每?人完成了自己部分的草案之后再??他??了什?。 ^[2]?作任?可能被??，然后分成多?子任?分配?每?小?成?，一?任?接着一?任?的完成，或者他?也可能共同完成每一?任?。 ^[3]^[4]作品被??、??、修?，?其中至少有一?步?是多人??的。 ^[5]通常，文???和?容的???全???。 ^[6]

??方法常常用于文本文?或程序的??。???步(??)??是非常有效的，作?小?成?不需要?了一起工作而聚在一起。一般??，管理??的工作需要?件； ^[7]最常?的文???工具是 wiki ，而?于?程?使用版本控制系? 。大多?文字?理?件也能???修改，?些?件允?工作者在同一?文?上??，?能?自????做了什?修改。新的?作?境如Google Docs，提供?同??和版本控制功能，同步/?步??。

?基百科是一?大?模?同???目的例子，因?公?提供的巨大??，?有好?也有??，?基百科是世界上最?泛的?料?之一。不幸的是，?也??致?上“??”，公?可以提交??信息或?机的??。?同??使得?目比?人?作更加?富，也更加??。 ^[8]?多??社??有一?或多??同任?。然而，?他人一起?作也使??任?更???。越?越多的?究文???弄?楚??使用?同?作可以提高????。 ^[9] 正?的??管理系?可以防止信息重?。 ^[10]??管理系?需要??服?器，需要?刻保持在?。 ^[11]在??同??因???等???得更加困?。 ^[12]

?考?料 [ ?? ]

^ Lowry, Paul Benjamin, Aaron Mosiah Curtis and Michelle Rene Lowry. "A Taxonomy of Collaborative Writing to Improve Empirical Research, Writing Practice, and Tool Development," （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ） Journal of Business Communication (JBC), Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 66-99, 2004.
^ Dillon A. How Collaborative is Collaborative Writing? An Analysis of the Production of Two Technical Reports., pages 69--86. Springer-Verlag, London, 1993.
^ Sharple M. Adding a Little Structure to Collaborative Writing. Structure in what way. Springer-Verlag, London, 1992.
^ Rimmershaw R. Collaborative Writing Practices and Writing Support Technologies, pages 15--28. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1992.
^ Ede L. and Lunsford A. Singular Text/Plural Authors: Perspectives on Collaborative Authoring. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, 1990.
^ Beck E.D. A Survey of Experiences of Collaborative Writing, pages 87--112. Springer-Verlag, London, 1993.
^ Kuutti, Kari et al. (2003). ECSCW 2003: proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, p. 315.
^ Online Writing Guide . Classweb.gmu.edu. [ 2011-09-21 ] . （原始?容存?于2011-09-27）.
^ R.A Calvo and S.T O’Rourke and J. Jones and K. Yacef and P. Reimann. (2011) "Collaborative Writing Support Tools on the Cloud" IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies". 4 (1) pp. 88-97. DOI= http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TLT.2010.43 （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）
^ Enhance your team-based qualitative research . Ann Fam Med. 2005, 3 (4): 360?4. PMC 1466909   . PMID 16046570 . doi:10.1370/afm.290 .
^ 存?副本 (PDF) . [ 2015-08-13 ] . （原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2016-12-25）.
^ Collaboration Structure, Communication Media, and Problems in Scientific Work Teams . Jcmc. indiana.edu. 2006-12-31 [ 2011-09-21 ] . （原始?容存?于2012-10-12）.

[1] Lowry, Paul Benjamin, Aaron Mosiah Curtis and Michelle Rene Lowry. "A Taxonomy of Collaborative Writing to Improve Empirical Research, Writing Practice, and Tool Development," （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ） Journal of Business Communication (JBC), Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 66-99, 2004.

[2] Dillon A. How Collaborative is Collaborative Writing? An Analysis of the Production of Two Technical Reports., pages 69--86. Springer-Verlag, London, 1993.

[3] Sharple M. Adding a Little Structure to Collaborative Writing. Structure in what way. Springer-Verlag, London, 1992.

[4] Rimmershaw R. Collaborative Writing Practices and Writing Support Technologies, pages 15--28. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1992.

[5] Ede L. and Lunsford A. Singular Text/Plural Authors: Perspectives on Collaborative Authoring. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, 1990.

[6] Beck E.D. A Survey of Experiences of Collaborative Writing, pages 87--112. Springer-Verlag, London, 1993.

[7] Kuutti, Kari et al. (2003). ECSCW 2003: proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, p. 315.

[8] Online Writing Guide . Classweb.gmu.edu. [ 2011-09-21 ] . （原始?容存?于2011-09-27）.

[9] R.A Calvo and S.T O’Rourke and J. Jones and K. Yacef and P. Reimann. (2011) "Collaborative Writing Support Tools on the Cloud" IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies". 4 (1) pp. 88-97. DOI= http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TLT.2010.43 （ ?面存??? ，存于互???案? ）

[Httpwwwpubmedcentralnihgovarticlerenderfcgitoolpmcentrezartid-10] Enhance your team-based qualitative research . Ann Fam Med. 2005, 3 (4): 360?4. PMC 1466909   . PMID 16046570 . doi:10.1370/afm.290 .

[11] 存?副本 (PDF) . [ 2015-08-13 ] . （原始?容 (PDF) 存?于2016-12-25）.

[Structure-12] Collaboration Structure, Communication Media, and Problems in Scientific Work Teams . Jcmc. indiana.edu. 2006-12-31 [ 2011-09-21 ] . （原始?容存?于2012-10-12）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]