苔原狼

苔原狼
科?分?
界：	?物界 Animalia
?：	脊索?物? Chordata
?：	哺乳? Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	犬科 Canidae
?：	犬? Canis
?：	狼 C. lupus
??：	苔原狼 C. l. albus
三名法
	Canis lupus albus ; Kerr，1792
	苔原狼分布范?
異名
	dybowskii (Domaniewski, 1926) ; kamtschaticus (Dybowski, 1922) ; turuchanensis (Ognev, 1923) ;

苔原狼 （?名： Canis lupus albus ）是一?原于歐亞大陸苔原地?和? 芬? 至堪察加半島 ?林苔原地?的灰狼?? ^[2]。1792年由 ?伯特·克? （英? ： Robert Kerr (writer) ） ?苔原狼?行首次描述，描述其居住在葉尼塞河周?，?且有着价?非常高的皮毛 ^[3]。

描述 [ ?? ]

苔原狼是一?相??大的??，毛非常?，?密、蓬松和柔?。毛色通常呈?灰色。下?皮毛是深灰色的，而上?皮毛?是灰?色的。雄性成年苔原狼的平均身??118-137厘米，而雌性??112-136厘米。雖然有些文?提到苔原狼的?型比 ??狼大，但根据近期?据?示??狼的?重比苔原狼更重。雄性苔原狼的平均?重?40-49公斤，雌性?36.6-41公斤。1951至1961年?，共在泰梅爾半島和 ?寧半島捕捉了500?狼，其中?型最大的是在泰梅爾半島杜德普塔河北部捕捉的一只雄性老年狼，其?重?到了51公斤 ^[4]。

棲息地和?食 [ ?? ]

苔原狼通常栖息在河谷、灌木?和森林中的空?地? ^[5]。冬季的?候，苔原狼?大多?的?候都?以馴鹿 ?食，但有?候也?吃北?狐，野?等其他?物。20世?五十年代在涅涅茨自治區捕?了74只狼，其胃??余的食物中93.1%都是?鹿。夏季的?候，苔原狼?以??，小型 ?齒??物和?出生的幼年?鹿?食 ^[6]。

?考文? [ ?? ]

^ Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora . Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (?). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore , Maryland : Johns Hopkins University Press . 2005: 532?628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 . LCCN 2005001870 . OCLC 62265494 . NLC 001238428 .
^ Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species , University of Minnesota Press, p. 353, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6
^ Kerr, R. (1792), The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young , Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, p. 137
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) , Science Publishers, Inc., USA, pp. 182-184, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) , Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 210, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) , Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 216, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[MSW3_Wozencraft|id=14000738-1] Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora . Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (?). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore , Maryland : Johns Hopkins University Press . 2005: 532?628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 . LCCN 2005001870 . OCLC 62265494 . NLC 001238428 .

[mech1981-2] Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species , University of Minnesota Press, p. 353, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6

[3] Kerr, R. (1792), The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young , Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, p. 137

[heptner1998description-4] Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) , Science Publishers, Inc., USA, pp. 182-184, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[heptner1998dens-5] Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) , Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 210, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[heptner1998diet-6] Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) , Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 216, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]