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Tok Jeman

Long Wikipedia
German
Deutsch
Pronunciation [?d??t?]
Tokples istap long Primarily in German-speaking Europe , as a minority language and amongst the German diaspora worldwide
Total spikas Native speakers :
ca. 90 [1] ? 97 million [2]
Non-native speakers:
ca. 80 million [3]
Famili bilong tokples Indo-European
Writing system Latin alphabet ( German variant )
Ofisel sindaun
Ofisel tokples bilong Plak bilong Yurop  European Union
(official and working language)

Plak bilong Ostria  Austria
Plak bilong Beljiam  Belgium
Plak bilong Itali  Italy ( South Tyrol )
Plak bilong Siamani  Germany
Plak bilong Liktenstain  Liechtenstein
Plak bilong Laksembog  Luxembourg
Plak bilong Suwisalan  Switzerland

Recognised minority language in Plak bilong Jek Ripablik  Czech Republic [5]
Plak bilong Denmak  Denmark [6]
Plak bilong Hangari  Hungary [7]

Plak bilong Kasakstan  Kazakhstan [8]
Plak bilong Namibia  Namibia ( National language ; official language 1984?90) [9] [10]
Plak bilong Polan  Poland ( Auxiliary language in 22 municipalities in Opole Voivodeship ) [11]
Plak bilong Romenia  Romania [12]
Plak bilong Rasia  Russia [13]
Plak bilong Slovakia  Slovakia (Official municipal language of Krahule/Blaufuß ) [3] [14]
Plak bilong Vatikan Siti  Vatikan Siti (Administrative and commanding language of the Swiss Guard ) [15]

Boslain No official regulation

(German orthography regulated by the Council for German Orthography ( Rat fur deutsche Rechtschreibung ) [4] ).

Ol kod bilong tokples
ISO 639-1 de
ISO 639-2 ger (B)   deu (T)
ISO 639-3 variously:
deu  —  New High German
gmh  —  Middle High German
goh  —  Old High German
gct  —  Aleman Coloniero
bar  —  Austro-Bavarian
cim  —  Cimbrian
geh  —  Hutterite German
ksh  —  Kolsch
nds  —  Low German
sli  —  Lower Silesian
ltz  —  Luxembourgish
vmf  —  Main-Franconian
mhn  —  Mocheno
pfl  —  Palatinate German
pdc  —  Pennsylvania German
pdt  —  Plautdietsch
swg  —  Swabian German
gsw  —  Swiss German
uln  —  Unserdeutsch
sxu  —  Upper Saxon
wae  —  Walser German
wep  —  Westphalian
Linguasphere 52-AC (Continental West Germanic) > 52-ACB (Deutsch & Dutch) >
52-ACB-d ( Central German incl. 52-ACB?dl & -dm Standard/Generalised High German ) + 52-ACB-e & -f ( Upper German & Swiss German ) + 52-ACB-g ( Yiddish ) + 52-ACB-h ( emigre German varieties incl.
52-ACB-hc Hutterite German & 52-ACB-he Pennsylvania German etc.) + 52-ACB-i ( Yenish ); totalling 285 varieties: 52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i

Tok Jeman (o Tok Siaman , Tok Siamani ) ( Tok Siaman : Deutsch , Tok Inglis : German ) em i wanpela tokples. Asples bilong en em i kantri Siamani .

Referens [ senisim | edit source ]

  1. Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16 ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=deu . {{ cite encyclopedia }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help )
  2. Marten, Thomas; Sauer, Fritz Joachim, eds (in German). Landerkunde - Deutschland, Osterreich, Schweiz und Liechtenstein im Querschnitt . Berlin: Inform-Verlag. p. 7. ISBN 3-9805843-1-3 .  
  3. 3.0 3.1 National Geographic Collegiate Atlas of the World . Willard, Ohio: R.R Donnelley & Sons Company. April 2006. pp. 257?270. ISBN Regular:0-7922-3662-9, 978-0-7922-3662-7. Deluxe:0-7922-7976-X, 978-0-7922-7976-1.  
  4. Rat fur deutsche Rechtschreibung - Uber den Rat . Rechtschreibrat.ids-mannheim.de. Retrieved on 2010-10-11 .
  5. EUROPA - Allgemeine & berufliche Bildung - Regional- und Minderheitensprachen der Europaischen Union - Euromosaik-Studie
  6. Support from the European Commission for measures to promote and safeguard regional or minority languages and cultures - The Euromosaic sutdy: German in Denmark (engl.). Letzter Zugriff am 13. November 2009
  7. EC.europa.eu
  8. KAZAKHSTAN: Special report on ethnic Germans . Irinnews.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-11 .
  9. Deutsch in Namibia (German) (PDF). Supplement of the Allgemeine Zeitung (2007-08-18). Retrieved on 2008-06-23 .
  10. "CIA World Fact book Profile: Namibia" cia.gov'.' Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  11. Map on page of Polish Ministry of Interior and Administration (MSWiA) . Retrieved on 2010-03-15 .
  12. SbZ - Deutsche Minderheit in Rumanien: "Zimmerpflanze oder Betreuungs-Objekt" - Informationen zu Siebenburgen und Rumanien . Siebenbuerger.de. Retrieved on 2010-03-15 .
  13. Geschichte . Rusdeutsch.EU. Retrieved on 2010-10-11 .
  14. EUROPA - Allgemeine & berufliche Bildung - Regional- und Minderheitensprachen der Europaischen Union - Euromosaik-Studie
  15. Verein Deutsche Sprache e.V. (2006-06-15). Verein Deutsche Sprache e.V. - Prominente Mitglieder und Ehrenmitglieder . Vds-ev.de. Retrieved on 2010-03-15 . Templet:Dead link

(Dispela pes Tok Jeman em i liklik tumas. Yu inap raitim moa sapos yu laik halivim Wikipedia. Hau? )