????????????????????????????
[1]
(
???????
:
明治維新
;
??????
:
Meiji Ishin
;
??????
:
Meiji Restoration
) ????
??????????????
(Meiji Revolution)
?????????????
(Meiji Reform) ????
???????????????
(Meiji Renewal) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1868 ???????????????????
?????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
[1]
???????????????????????????????????
?????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
????????
(???????????
?????????
) ??????
???????
?????????????????????????????
??????????
?????????????????????
???????????????
?????
????????
[
???
]
???? ?.?. 1866
???????????????????
(薩摩藩
Satsuma han
) ?????????????????????????
?????????
???
???????
??????????????
???? ????????
(西? 隆盛
Saig? Takamori
) ?????????????
????????????????
(長州藩
Ch?sh? han
) ?????????????????????????
??????
??????????????
????? ????????
(木? 孝允
Kido Takayoshi
) ????????????
?????????????
(薩長同盟
Satch? d?mei
) ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
?????????????
(孝明天皇
K?mei-tenn?
) ????????????
?????????????
(明治天皇
Meiji-tenn?
) ??????????????
????????? ???????
(坂本 龍馬
Sakamoto Ry?ma
) ????????????????????????
???????????????????
(?川幕府
Tokugawa bakufu
) ??????????????????????????
???????? 30 ?????? ?.?. 1867 ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 ?????????? ????????????? ??????????
???????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????
??????????
???????
?????????????????????????????????? ?
?????????????????
[
???
]
?????????????
???????????????????
????????
?????
???????
???? ?.?. 1868
?????? 9 ????????? ?.?. 1867
???????? ????????
?????
????? 15 ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? 10 ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? (
Taisei H?kan
) ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[2]
????????????????? ????????????? ?.?. 1868 ??????
???????????
???? ??????????????????
????????????-??????
???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? 3 ?????? ?.?. 1869 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[3]
???????????????????????????????????????
??????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????
???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????
? ?????????? ?????????????? ?.?. 1869 ?????????????????????????????? ????????
????????? ????????
(?本 武揚) ???
???????? ??????
(土方 ?三) ????????????????????????????????????
??????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
[
???
]
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1905 ??????????????? "?????????????? ???????????????" (富??兵
fukoku ky?hei
)
?????
?????????????
(Meiji oligarchy) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????
?????
???????
?????????
??????
???????????????????????????
?? ?.?. 1868 ?????????
???????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ?.?. 1869 ??????????
??????????
(土佐藩
Tosa han
)
?????????
(佐賀藩
Saga-han
)
?????????
(長州藩
Ch?sh? han
) ???
???????????
(薩摩藩
Satsuma han
) ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (天下
tenka
) ??? ?????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????
(士農工商
shin?k?sh?
) ????????? ???????????? (??????) ??????? ????????? ???????????????
????????? ???????? 1.9 ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????
????? ?.?. 1789 ??????? 10 ???? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?? ?.?. 1873 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?.?. 1874 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?? ?.?. 1876 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
[
???
]
- ↑
??????????????.
?????????????????????????????????? : ?????? ???? ? ????? C-D
. ???????? : ??????????????, 2557. 700 ????.
ISBN
974-9588-21-5
, ???? 421
- ↑
One can date the "restoration" of imperial rule from the edict of 3 January 1868.
Jansen (2000), p.334.
- ↑
Quoted and translated in "A Diplomat In Japan",
Sir Ernest Satow
, p.353,
ISBN 978-1-933330-16-7
???????????????
[
???
]
- Essay on The Meiji Restoration Era, 1868-1889
on the About Japan, A Teacher's Resource website
- Akamatsu, Paul (1972).
Meiji 1868: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Japan
. New York: Harper & Row. p. 1247.
- Beasley, William G.
, . (1972).
The Meiji Restoration
. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
?????
)
- Beasley, William G. (1995).
The Rise of Modern Japan: Political, Economic and Social Change Since 1850
. New York: St. Martin's Press.
- Craig, Albert M.
(1961).
Ch?sh? in the Meiji Restoration
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Jansen, Marius B.
(1986).
Japan in Transition: From Tokugawa to Meiji
. Princeton:
Princeton University Press
.
- Jansen, Marius B. (2000).
The Making of Modern Japan
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Murphey, Rhoads (1997).
East Asia: A New History
. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
- Satow, Ernest Mason
.
A Diplomat in Japan
.
ISBN
4-925080-28-8
.
- Wall, Rachel F. (1971).
Japan's Century: An Interpretation of Japanese History since the Eighteen-fifties
. London: The Historical Association.
- Breen, John
, 'The Imperial Oath of April 1868: ritual, power and politics in Restoration Japan', Monumenta Nipponica,51,4 (1996)
- Francisco Barberan &
Rafael Domingo Osle
, Codigo civil japones. Estudio preliminar, traduccion y notas (2 ed. Thomsons Aranzadi, 2006).
- Harry D. Harootunian, Toward Restoration (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970), "Introduction", pp 1 ? 46; on Yoshida: chapter IV "The Culture of Action ? Yoshida Sh?in", pp 184 ? 219.
- Najita Tetsuo, The Intellectual Foundations of Modern Japanese Politics (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press), chapter 3: "Restorationism in Late Tokugawa", pp 43 ? 68.
- H. Van Straelen, Yoshida Sh?in, Forerunner of the Meiji Restoration: A Biographical Study (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1952).
- David M. Earl, Emperor and Nation in Japan (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1972), on Yoshida: "Attitude toward the Emperor/Nation", pp 161 ? 192. Also pp. 82 ? 105.
- Marius B Jansen, Sakamoto Ry?ma and the Meiji Restoration (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994) especially chapter VIII: "Restoration", pp 312 ? 346.
- W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1972), especially chapter VI: "Dissenting Samurai", pp 140 ? 171.
- Conrad Totman, "From Reformism to Transformism, bakufu Policy 1853?1868", in: T. Najita & V. J. Koshmann, Conflict in Modern Japanese History (New Jersay: Princeton University Press, 1988), pp. 62 ? 80.
- Jansen, Marius B.: The Meiji Restoration, in: Jansen, Marius B. (ed.): The Cambridge history of Japan, Volume 5: The nineteenth century (New York: Cambridge UP, 1989), pp. 308?366.
- In addition, the anime "Rurouni Kenshin" directly deals with the aftermath of the revolution, and presents a good example of the times.