Coordinates : 4°35′S 55°40′E  /  4.583°S 55.667°E  / -4.583; 55.667

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For the ship, see HMS Seychelles (K592) .

4°35′S 55°40′E  /  4.583°S 55.667°E  / -4.583; 55.667

Republic of Seychelles

Flag of Seychelles
????
Coat of arms of Seychelles
Coat of arms
??????:  "Finis Coronat Opus"   ( Latin )
"The End Crowns the Work"
????:  Koste Seselwa
Join together all Seychellois
Location of  సేషెల్స్  (dark blue) – in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) – in the African Union  (light blue)
Location of   ????????    ( dark blue )

? in Africa    ( light blue & dark grey )
? in the African Union    ( light blue )

??????? Victoria
4°37′S 55°27′E  /  4.617°S 55.450°E  / -4.617; 55.450
?????? ?????
??????
(2000)
??????????
  • Seychellois
  • Seychelloise
  • Seselwa (Creole)
????????? Unitary presidential republic
Danny Faure
Vincent Meriton
??????????? National Assembly
Independence
? from the United Kingdom
29 June 1976
??????????
? ??????
459 km 2 (177 sq mi) ( 181st )
? ???? (%)
negligible
?????
? 2016 estimate
94,228 [1] ( 195th )
? ?????????
205.3/km 2 (531.7/sq mi) ( 67th )
GDP   ( PPP ) 2018 estimate
? Total
$2.919 billion [2]
? Per capita
$30,486 [2]
GDP   (nominal) 2018 estimate
? Total
$1.564 billion [2]
? Per capita
$16,332 [2]
????   (2013) 46.8 [3]
high
????????   (2017) Increase 0.797 [4]
high  ·  62nd
??????? Seychellois rupee ( SCR )
??? ?????? UTC +4 ( SCT )
? Summer ( DST )
UTC +4 (not observed)
??????? ????? ???? left
???? ???? +248
ISO 3166 code SC
Internet TLD .sc

???????? [5] [6] [7] [8] ), ??????????? " ???????? ????????? " ????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????. 115 ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ??????? 1,500 ?????????? (932 ??????) ?????? ????. ??? ????????? ????? ??????, ???????? ???????? , ??????? (???????? ???????), ????????? , ????????? (???????? ???????), ???????????????? ??????? , ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? , ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? 94,228. ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????. [9]

???????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????, ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????. 1976 ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????-?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???, ???????? ??????, ??????? ???? ???????????. 1976 ????? 2015 ???? ?????? ?????????? ??.??.??. ???????? 7 ?????? ????????????. ???????? ????? ????? ?????? 16 ?????? ????????????. 2010 ??????? ?????????? ???? ????, ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????.

????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????. ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????? ????. ????? ???????, ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????. [10]

?????? [ ?????? ]

Victoria, Seychelles 1900s

?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????. ? ???? 1910 ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????. [11] ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? 1502 ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????????? " ???????? ???????? " ??????? ??????. 1609 ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? "????????" ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. [12]

???????, ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????. 1756 ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ? ??????? ?????? XV ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????????.


1794 - 1810 ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????.

????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? 1953 ???????

1810 ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. 1814 ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????. 1903 ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????. 1966, 1970 ?? ???????? ???????.

????????? [ ?????? ]

1976 ?? ???????? ????????? ????????. ?????????????? ???????? ??????. [13] 1970 ??? ???????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. [14] 1977 ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????. [15] ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. [14]


1979 ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ??? 1991 ???? ??????????.

1980 ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???????. 1981 ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? " 1981 ???????? ?????????? ????? " ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? 43 ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????. [14] ??????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????. [14] ? ???????? ????????? ???.?.???. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??. ??????. ???????? ????????. [16] ?????? ?????? ??????????????? (???? ?????????????????)???????? ?????????????. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????????. [17]

1986 ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????. " ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? " ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? " ??????? ?????????? " ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. [18]

1962 ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? 60% ??????? ???????? ?????????. ???? 1993 ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????????.

2013 ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. [19] [20]

???????? [ ?????? ]

View of Praslin , the second largest island of the Seychelles

?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? 1,600 ???? (994 ??????) ?????? ????. ???????????? 115 ???????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????.


42 ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ???????? 244 ?????????? ????. ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? 54% ???????. ???????? ?????? ??????? 98% ????? ???????????????.

? ???????? ????????? ??????????????.

?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? 45 ????????-?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????: ????, ?????????, ???????? ??????, ?? ??????, ??????????, ????????, ????????, ????-?????, ??????, ??????, ????????, ??????? ??????, ??????, ?????, ???????????, ?????? ??????, ?????, ??????, ?????, ??????, ????? (????????????), ???????, ?????????, ???????, ?????, ??? ????????, ???????????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ' ?????????, ????? (??? ???? ), ????, ??????, ????? (????), ???.????? ??????, ????, ????-?????? (????), ????-?????? (?????????), ??? ?? ????, ??????, ???'????, ????, ??????, ??????? ????? (?????????), ????, ??????? ?????? (??????? ?????).

?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??'????? ????

????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????: ??????, ?????.

?????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????: ??????, ????????.

????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????

?????????? ??????? 29 ????? ???????? ???????. ???: ??????? ????? ????: ????????, ?????? ????? (???? ??????-??????, ???????????, ???? ?????), ?????????, ??'???????, ??????? ?????? ????? (14 ??????-??????? ?????? , ??? ????? Fouquets, ????????, ?????? Carcassaye, ??????? Carcassaye, ????????, Bancs ??????, Chiens, ?????????, Vars, ??? ????, ????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? Poules), ???? ??????, Desnœufs, ???????? ????????? (????? ????? ??????-???????? ?????????, ???? ????????), ??????, ??????? ???????????, ????????, ???????, ????????.

?????????? ??????, Amirantes ??????-???????? 13 ????? ?????? ???????: ?????????? ????? (10 ?????????-Bancs ?? ?????, ???? ????? Goelettes, Lapins, ??? ?? ??????, ????? Manaha, ?????? Manaha, ???? Manaha, ????? ??????, ?????? ??????), ???????????? ????? (????? ??????-????????????, ??????? ????????????), ??????? ?????? ???????.

???? ??????

???????? ?????? 67 ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????????? ????????? ???????? Aldabra ????? (46 ????????-??????? ??????, ????????, ????????, ??????, ??? ??????, ??? ?????????, ??? ?????, ????????????, ????? ??????, ????? ?????, ????? ??????. ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ?????????? ???? ???, ????????, ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????, ???? ??????, ??? ????? ?????????????, ??? ????? ????????, ????? ????????, ??? ?????, ??? ??????, ??? ??????, ??? ?????????, ??? ????????????, ??? ?????, ????? ?????, ????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ??????, ????? ????????, ????? ?????, ????? ????????????, ????? ????????, ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ???????????) ???????? ??????, ??????? ???????, ?????????? ????? (19 ??????-????, ??? ?? ?????? (???????, ??????), ??? ??????-??????? (?????? ??????), ?????? ?? ????????, ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???????, ????? ????, ?????? ?????), ??? ?? ????, ??????????, ??????? ??????, ?????? ??????, ??????? ??? (????????), ?????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? (???????), ??? ????? ????????????, ??? ???????, ??? ????? ????- ??????, ??? ????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????????, ??? ?? ??????- ????????, ??? ???????????, ??? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ?????????.

???????? [ ?????? ]

The climate is equable although quite humid, as the islands are small, [21] classified by Koppen-Geiger system as tropical rain forest (Af). The temperature varies little throughout the year. Temperatures on Mahe vary from 24 to 30 °C (75 to 86 °F), and rainfall ranges from 2,900 mm (114 in) annually at Victoria to 3,600 mm (142 in) on the mountain slopes. Precipitation is somewhat less on the other islands. [22]

During the coolest months, July and August, the average low is about 24 °C (75 °F). The southeast trade winds blow regularly from May to November, and this is the most pleasant time of the year. The hot months are from December to April, with higher humidity (80%). March and April are the hottest months, but the temperature seldom exceeds 31 °C (88 °F). Most of the islands lie outside the cyclone belt, so high winds are rare. [22]

????????????? ???? - Victoria ( Seychelles International Airport )
??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????
???? ???? °C (°F) 29.8
(85.6) 		30.4
(86.7) 		31.0
(87.8) 		31.4
(88.5) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.3
(82.9) 		28.4
(83.1) 		29.1
(84.4) 		29.6
(85.3) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.0
(86.0) 		29.8
(85.6)
???????? ???? °C (°F) 26.8
(80.2) 		27.3
(81.1) 		27.8
(82.0) 		28.0
(82.4) 		27.7
(81.9) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.8
(78.4) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.9
(80.4)
???? ???? °C (°F) 24.1
(75.4) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.4
(77.7) 		24.6
(76.3) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.2
(75.6) 		24.3
(75.7) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.4
(75.9)
???? ?????? mm (inches) 379
(14.9) 		262
(10.3) 		167
(6.6) 		177
(7.0) 		124
(4.9) 		63
(2.5) 		80
(3.1) 		97
(3.8) 		121
(4.8) 		206
(8.1) 		215
(8.5) 		281
(11.1) 		2,172
(85.6)
???? ??????? ?????? (≥ 1.0 mm) 17 11 11 14 11 10 10 10 11 12 14 18 149
???? ??????? ??????? (%) 82 80 79 80 79 79 80 79 78 79 80 82 79.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 153.3 175.5 210.5 227.8 252.8 232.0 230.5 230.7 227.7 220.7 195.7 170.5 2,527.7
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization [23]
Source 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [24]

?????????? [ ?????? ]

Seychelles Paradise-flycatcher
An Aldabra giant tortoise
Nerita plicata on Mahe island
Bird flocks Bird Island Seychelles

Seychelles is among the world's leading countries to protect lands for threatened species , allocating 42% of its territory for conservation . [25] Like many fragile island ecosystems, Seychelles saw the loss of biodiversity when humans first settled in the area, including the disappearance of most of the giant tortoise s from the granitic islands, the felling of coastal and mid-level forests, and the extinction of species such as the chestnut flanked white eye , the Seychelles parakeet , and the saltwater crocodile . However, extinctions were far fewer than on islands such as Mauritius or Hawaii , partly due to a shorter period of human occupation (since 1770). Seychelles today is known for success stories in protecting its flora and fauna. The rare Seychelles black parrot , the national bird of the country, is now protected.

The granitic islands of Seychelles are home to about 75 endemic plant species, with a further 25 or so species in the Aldabra group. Particularly well-known is the coco de mer , a species of palm that grows only on the islands of Praslin and neighbouring Curieuse . Sometimes nicknamed the "love nut" because the shape of its "double" coconut resembles buttocks, the coco-de-mer produces the world's heaviest seed. The jellyfish tree is to be found in only a few locations on Mahe . This strange and ancient plant in a genus of its own ( Medusagyne ) seems to reproduce only in cultivation and not in the wild. Other unique plant species include Wright's gardenia ( Rothmannia annae ) found only on Aride Island Special Reserve.

The freshwater crab genus Seychellum is endemic to the granitic Seychelles, and a further 26 species of crabs and five species of hermit crab s live on the islands. [26]

The Aldabra giant tortoise now populates many of the islands of Seychelles; the Aldabra population is the largest remaining. These unique reptiles can be found even in captive herds. The granitic islands of Seychelles may support distinct species of Seychelles giant tortoise s; the status of the different populations is currently unclear.

There are several unique species of orchid on the islands.

Seychelles hosts some of the largest seabird colonies in the world, notably on the outer islands of Aldabra and Cosmoledo. In granitic Seychelles the largest colonies are on Aride Island including the world's largest numbers of two species. Sooty terns also breed on the islands. Other birds include Cattle egrets ( Bubulcus ibis ) and Fairy terns ( Gygis alba ). [27]

The marine life around the islands, especially the more remote coral islands, can be spectacular. More than 1,000 species of fish have been recorded.

???????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

Since the use of speargun s and dynamite for fishing was banned through efforts of local conservationists in the 1960s, the wildlife is unafraid of snorkelers and divers . Coral bleaching in 1998 has damaged most reefs, but some reefs show healthy recovery (e.g., Silhouette Island ).

Despite huge disparities across nations, [ ????? ?????? ] Seychelles claims to have achieved nearly all of its Millennium Development Goals . [28] 17 MDGS and 169 targets have been achieved. [ ????? ?????? ] Environmental protection is becoming a cultural value. [ ????? ?????? ]

Their government's Seychelles Climate Guide describes the nation's climate as rainy, with a dry season with an ocean economy in the ocean regions. The Southeast Trades is on the decline but still fairly strong. [29] Reportedly, weather patterns there are becoming less predictable. [30]

??????? [ ?????? ]

???? ???? ?? ???????? ???
???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????



???? ?????? ????????????, ????????, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. 1965 ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? " ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. 1960 ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? 33% ???? ???? ???????? ?????????. 20% ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????. [31] [32] ???????? ????????? ???????????? $ 1,00,00,000 ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? (??????) ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? 1996 ???????? ?????????????.

1976 ?? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? 7 ?????? ????????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? 30% ?????? ????? ????????????. ????????? ??????? ?????? 3% ???? ????????? ???????????????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????.

2013 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? (60%), ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? (22%) ???????? ?????????. [33]

????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????, ????????, ????????????, ???????????? ???????. ? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???, ???????, ????????????, ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????.

2008 ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ?????????? ????????, ??????, ??????????, ???????? ??????????, ??????????????????, ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????. ???????? ?????? 2013 ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????, ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???????? 2010 ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????. [34]


???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? 2008 ?? ???? ????? ?????????????.

???????? [ ?????? ]

Aircraft at Seychelles International Airport
Beach resort at Seychelles

1971 ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ???????????????. ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????.

????? ???????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????. ? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ??.?.??.?. ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ??.?.??.?.??.?? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????. [ ????? ?????? ] ????????? ??????????? ??????????? 1991-1992?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????. [35]

?????? ????????? ????????, ???? ??????, ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??????? ??????, ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????????? ???????????????.

2015 ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????. [36]

????????????????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????????. 2005 ?? ???????????, ?????, ???????, ??????? ??????? ???????? 30,000 ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??.???. ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? 5,700 ???????? ??????? ??????????????.

????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????. ?????, ?????? ?????????, ??????, ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????.

???????? [ ?????? ]

Victoria, Seychelles
Demographics of Seychelles, Data of FAO , year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????. 1835 ?? ???????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????????. ? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ("????? ?????????????") ??????, ?????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. [37]

???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ????????? [ ????? ?????? ] ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????. ???????, ?????, ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????????. ???????, ????????, ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????.

??????? ?????????? ?????, ????

???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????, ???????, ??????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????. ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? 32 ??????????. [38]

????? [ ?????? ]

???????????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? (??????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????) ???????? ??????? ???????. ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????. ??????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????????????? ???, ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????. [39] 87% ?????? ?????????? ???????????. 51% ??????? ???????????, 38% ?????? ???????????. [39]

??? [ ?????? ]

2010 ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????: 76.2% ???? ????? ???????????. 10.6% ??????????????, (????????? 6.1%, ???????????? ???????? 1.5%, ???????-?? ???????????? 1.2%, ??? ???????????? 1.6%).

???????? 2.4%, ???????? 1.6%. ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? 1.1% ???? ?????, ??? 5.9% ??????? ??????????? ???????????. [38]

???????? [ ?????? ]

The district clock tower in the centre of the capital Victoria .

???????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????. [40] [41] ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????. [40] ?????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. [41] ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????. [40]

????? [ ?????? ]

19 ? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ??????. ???????, ????????? ??????? 1851 ?? ????? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ????? ?????? 1944 ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????.

1959 ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????????????. 1981 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ???????? 90% ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????.

1980 ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? 90% ?????????? ????. ????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ????????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? 60% ????????????. 2014 ?? ??? 100% ?? ???????.

???????????? ?????? 68 ???????? ???????. ???????? ???????? 23, ???????? ???????? 25, 13 ???????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????, ?????????, ?? ??????, ??????????? ???????. ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????: ????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????, ???????? ??????. ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????. ?????? ??????? ?????? 7 ???????: ???????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ??????????????, ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.

????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????. 2009 ?????????? 17 ? ??????????? ??? ????????, ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????????????. ??????????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????.

?????????? [ ?????? ]

Cutting open young coconuts for drinking, Seychelles

????????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ???????, ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????. [42] [43] ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????, ??????? ???????, ??????????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????????, ??????????, ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????. [42] ???????? ????????, ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. [43] [44]

????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ??????, ??????, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????. [45] ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????. [45]

  • ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. . [43]
  • ??????? ??? [43]
  • ???? (???????????) [45]
  • ???? ??? [43]
  • ?????? ??? [45]
  • ???? ???????? ?????? [42] [46]
  • ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? (????????? ??????????) ???????. ????????? ????????? ??????? ????, ??????, ???????, ??????????? ????? ???????, ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ( ??????, ??????????????, ???????? ???? ????????) ????? ???????. [47] ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ( ?????????? ????????????????) ??????? ??????? ??????????.
  • ?????? ??????:- ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? (?????? ?????? ????????), ?????????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????. [47]
  • ???????? [43] [46]

?????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???????. ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????, ????????????, ????, ??? (?????????? ????????? ??????????) ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????????????, ??????, ????????, ??????? ????? ??????, ????, ???? ???????, ?????????, ????????, ??????, ??? ????-??????? ??????, ??????????, ??????, ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????.

????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???????????? (????? ???????????? ???????) ???????? ????? ????. ???????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (??????????? ???????? ?????????) ??????????????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???, ???????, ????? ?????? ??????????????????.

???????, ?????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????, ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????????, ????????? ???? ???? ???????, ?????? ????????? ?????????. ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????, ???????, ???????? ???????????????.

?????? ?????????, ?????? ???????????? " ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? " ??????????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ????? ????????????? ???????? 3-11 ???? ???????????. ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ???????? ????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????????, ??????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????.

??????? [ ?????? ]

The most popular sport in Seychelles is basketball, which has particularly developed in this decade. [48] The country's national team qualified for the 2015 African Games , its greatest accomplishment to date. There, the team competed against some of the continent's largest countries such as Egypt .

?????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision" . ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Population Division . Retrieved 10 ?????????? 2017 .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Seychelles" . International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 10 ???????? 2017 . Retrieved 8 ???? 2017 .
  3. ↑ "GINI index" . World Bank. Archived from the original on 21 ????? 2018 . Retrieved 20 ????? 2018 .
  4. ↑ "2018 Human Development Report" . United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived from the original on 14 ?????????? 2018 . Retrieved 14 ?????????? 2018 .
  5. ↑ "Seychelles - English translation in German - Langenscheidt dictionary French-German" (in ????????, ??????, and ???????) . Retrieved 29 ???????? 2018 .
  6. ↑ "Traduction : Seychelles - Dictionnaire francais-anglais Larousse" (in ???????? and ???????) . Retrieved 29 ???????? 2018 .
  7. ↑ "Seychelles | French ≫ English | PONS" (in ???????? and ???????) . Retrieved 29 ???????? 2018 .
  8. ↑ "English Translation of "Seychelles" | Collins French-English Dictionary" (in ???????? and ???????) . Retrieved 29 ???????? 2018 .
  9. ↑ Anouk Zijlma (9 ???? 2011). "Facts about Africa" . Goafrica.about.com. Archived from the original on 4 ?????? 2012 . Retrieved 23 ?????? 2012 .
  10. ↑ "Seychelles ? Income Inequality ? GINI index" . Knoema, World Data Atlas. 2013. Archived from the original on 10 ?????? 2017 . Retrieved 11 ???? 2017 .
  11. ↑ Lionnet, Guy (1972). The Seychelles . David and Charles. pp. 55?56. ISBN   978-0811715140 .
  12. ↑ "Our History" . National Assembly of Seychelles. Archived from the original on 28 ???? 2012 . Retrieved 12 ?? 2012 .
  13. ↑ "History of Seychelles" . seychelles.com. 2009. Archived from the original on 8 ???? 2010 . Retrieved 9 ?????????? 2010 .
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Joanna Symons (21 March 2005). "Seychelles: Life's a breeze near the equator" Archived 4 ?? 2018 at the Wayback Machine . Telegraph.co.uk .
  15. ↑ "africanhistory.about.com" . africanhistory.about.com. Archived from the original on 14 ?????? 2012 . Retrieved 23 ?????? 2012 .
  16. ↑ Hoare, Mike The Seychelles Affair (Transworld, London, 1986; ISBN   0-593-01122-8 )
  17. ↑ Bartus Laszlo: Maffiaregeny ISBN   9634405967 , Budapest 2001
  18. ↑ David Brewster; Ranjit Rai. "Flowers Are Blooming: the story of the India Navy's secret operation in the Seychelles. Retrieved 10 August 2014" . Archived from the original on 7 ???? 2015 . Retrieved 11 ?????? 2014 . {{ cite journal }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )
  19. ↑ "International Chapter activated for flooding in the Republic of Seychelles" . United Nation. Archived from the original on 3 ???????? 2013 . Retrieved 1 ???????? 2013 .
  20. ↑ "State of Emergency declared in the Seychelles" . Aljazeera. Archived from the original on 30 ????? 2013 . Retrieved 1 ???????? 2013 .
  21. ↑ U.S. Department of State. "Background Note: Seychelles" . Archived from the original on 27 ?? 2010 . Retrieved 25 ?? 2010 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Climate" . STGT.com. Archived from the original on 6 ?????? 2012 . Retrieved 13 ?????? 2019 .
  23. ↑ "World Weather Information Service ? Victoria" . World Meteorological Organization . Archived from the original on 13 ?????? 2013 . Retrieved 16 ?????? 2012 .
  24. ↑ ???:NOAA normals
  25. ↑ "Mapped: The countries with the most protected land (#1 might surprise you)" . The Telegraph (in ???????? ????????). Archived from the original on 23 ???????? 2018 . Retrieved 7 ???????? 2018 .
  26. ↑ Janet Haig (1984). "Land and freshwater crabs of the Seychelles and neighbouring islands" . In David Ross Stoddart (ed.). Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles Islands . Springer . p. 123. ISBN   978-90-6193-107-2 .
  27. ↑ Attenborough, D. 1998. The Life of Birds. p.220-221. BBC. ISBN   0563-38792-0
  28. ↑ "Seychelles Millennium Development Goals: Status Report 2010" (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme . ?????? 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 ???????? 2018 . Retrieved 29 ???????? 2018 .
  29. ↑ Seychelles Climate Guide, 2015 . Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. meteo.gov.sc
  30. ↑ Seychelles weather and climate, see 'Blue Economy' Archived 26 ?????????? 2015 at the Wayback Machine . Expertafrica.com. Retrieved on 8 December 2016.
  31. ↑ D. B. Prell (1965). Economic Study of the Seychelles Islands . D.B. Prell.
  32. ↑ Economic. Study. Seychelles. 1965. D. B. Prell . 1965. {{ cite book }} : |work= ignored ( help )
  33. ↑ OEC ? Products exported by the Seychelles (2013) Archived 21 ?????? 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Atlas.media.mit.edu. Retrieved on 8 December 2016.
  34. ↑ "2013 Index of Economic Freedom" . The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 ???? 2013 . Retrieved 23 ?????? 2013 .
  35. ↑ "Seychelles economy ? Seychelles Travel Guide" . Seychellestour.com. Archived from the original on 2 ?????? 2012 . Retrieved 23 ?????? 2012 .
  36. ↑ India to develop two islands in Indian Ocean ? Times of India Archived 15 ?????? 2015 at the Wayback Machine . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (11 March 2015). Retrieved on 8 December 2016.
  37. ↑ "Culture of Seychelles" . Everyculture.com. Archived from the original on 22 ??????? 2012 . Retrieved 23 ?????? 2012 .
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Seychelles" . CIA ? The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 13 ???????? 2008 . Retrieved 27 ?? 2007 .
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig (2016). "Seychelles languages" . Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Dallas, Texas; 19th edition. Archived from the original on 3 ?????? 2016 . Retrieved 2 ?????? 2016 .
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Tartter, Jean R. "Status of Women". Indian Ocean country studies: Seychelles Archived 11 ???????? 2005 at the Wayback Machine (Helen Chapin Metz, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (August 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Seychelles (2007) Archived 20 ????? 2012 at the Wayback Machine Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (11 March 2008). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Lonely Planet Mauritius, Reunion & Seychelles . Lonely Planet. 2010. pp. 273?274. ISBN   978-1-74179-167-9 .
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 Dyfed Lloyd Evans. The Recipes of Africa . Dyfed Lloyd Evans. pp. 235?236.
  44. ↑ Practice Tests for IGCSE English as a Second Language Reading and Writing . Cambridge University Press. 4 ???????? 2010. p. 50. ISBN   978-0-521-14059-1 .
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Paul Tingay (2006). Seychelles . New Holland Publishers. pp. 33?34. ISBN   978-1-84537-439-6 .
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Lloyd E. Hudman; Richard H. Jackson (2003). Geography of Travel and Tourism . Cengage Learning. p. 384. ISBN   978-0-7668-3256-5 .
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Sarah Carpin (1998) Seychelles , Odyssey Guides, The Guidebook Company Limited. p. 77
  48. ↑ Seychelles Basketball Federation eager to grow sport's popularity Archived 7 ?????? 2016 at the Wayback Machine , Fiba.com, 12 May 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
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