??????????, ??.??.
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???????????? ??? ????????
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Flag
Seal
|
Motto:
Justitia Omnibus
(Justice for All)
|
Location of Washington, D.C., in the United States and in relation to the states of
Maryland
and
Virginia
.
|
????
| ???????? ????????
|
---|
??????? ??????
| ???????????? ??? ????????
|
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Approved
| July 16, 1790
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Organized
| 1801
|
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Consolidated
| 1871
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Granted limited self-government
| 1973
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Named for
| ?????? ??????????
|
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|
?
Mayor
| Vincent C. Gray
(
D
)
|
---|
?
D.C. Council
| Kwame R. Brown
(D), Chair
|
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|
?
?????? ????????????
| 177.0 km
2
(68.3 sq mi)
|
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? Land
| 159.0 km
2
(61.4 sq mi)
|
---|
? Water
| 18.0 km
2
(6.9 sq mi)
|
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Elevation
| 0?125 ?? (0?409 ?.)
|
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|
?
?????? ????????????
| 6,17,996 (
24th in U.S.
)
|
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? Density
| 3,886/km
2
(10,065/sq mi)
|
---|
?
Metro
| 5.58 million (
7th in U.S.
)
|
---|
?
Demonym
| Washingtonian
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC-5
(
EST
)
|
---|
? Summer (
DST
)
| UTC-4
(
EDT
)
|
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ZIP code(s)
| 20001-20098, 20201-20599
|
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Area code
| 202
|
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Website
| www.dc.gov
|
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??????????, ??.??.
(
English
:
Washington, D.C.
) ?????? ????
??????????, ???????? ??????
(
Washington, District of Columbia
; ??????????, ?????????? (
??
) ??? ???????? (
??
))
??????? ??????? ???????? ???????
. ? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????
?????? ??????????
??????????? ???????????. ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? (
???????? ??????
) ????? ????????? ???? (DC-????) ?? ????? ??????????. ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????.
?????????? ??.?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????.
?????????
,
???????????
????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????????????. ??????????? 1847 ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ????? & ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????. ????????? ???? ?????????? ??.?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????. ???????? ?????????, ???????, ?????????, ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???????.
?????? ???????? ?????????
?????? ???????
, ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?????? (OAS), ????????? ??????? ????, ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????. ?????? 176 ?????????? ???????????????? ???????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ??????, ???? ???????, ???????????? ???????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???????.
???????? ??? ???????????? ?????, 13 ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? 1973 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????????. ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????????????? ????? ????. ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ???? ????????? ?????. ??????? ????????? 23? ???????? ???? ?????? 1963 ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????.
17? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? 18? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ??????
?????????? ????? 43
?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????
???????????,????????????????
????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ????? 1883?? ????????. ? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????.
???????????????? ???????? ???????? ???, ??????? ????? 10 ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????. ???????, ???????????, ?????????, ???????? ????? 1779?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????????????. ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????.
1790 ???? 9 ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????. ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? 16 ????? ????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????
???????????
?????????
?????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? 10 ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????? 100 ????? ??????.
? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? 1775?? ??????????????. ??????????????, ????????? 1949?? ???????????????.
1971
-92
???????? ???????
???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? 1791 ?????????? 9 ????? ?? ?????
?????? ????
??????????????. ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????.
1800
?????? 17 ? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????.
1801??
????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????
??????????
?????
???????????????
??? ????? ????????? ??????. ? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???
?????????
???????? ???????? ????.
1814
?????? 24-25? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. 1812 ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????. ? ?????? ???????, ?????, ????????? ????????????? ???????????. ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? 1868 ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????.
?????? ?????????? , ???????????
[
??????
]
1830 ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????? (??????????????) ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????. ? ?????????? ??????????? (?????? ??????????) ??? ?????????????.
??????? ?????? 1846?? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? 1846 ???? 9? ??? ??????. ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????????. ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? 1850?? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????.
1861?? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????. 1862?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????? 3,100 ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? 9 ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. 1868 ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????.
????????? , ??????????
[
??????
]
1870
?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? 132,000 ????? 75% ????????? ????????. ???????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???.??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????.
1871?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ???????
??????????? ???? ????????????
?????????? ??????????. ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. 1874?? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????
?????? ??? ??????????
????????????? ?????? ???????.
1888 ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????. 1895 ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????. ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????????.?????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????????. ??????? 1900 ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????.
1930?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????, ??????????????, ??????????
???????????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????????. 1950 ?????? ?????? ???????? 802,178 ?????????.
?????????? , ???????? ?????
[
??????
]
1961 ??????? ????????? 23? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????.
?????? ?????? ????? ??.??? ???????? ????? ????? 1968 ??????? 4? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????. ????????? ?? ????????, 7 ? ????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? 13,600 ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????. ? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. 1990 ???? ????????????? ??? ????.
1973 ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????, 13 ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????.
2001 ?????????? 11 ????????????? ???????? ????? ???? 77 ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? 93 ?????? ?????????? ??.???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????.
????????
[
??????
]
??????????, DC, ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? 68.3 ????? ??????. ?????? 61.4 ????? ?????? ??????, 6.9 ????? ?????? ?? ????. ? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???????????, ???????????, ?????????????? ???????, ?????? ???????.
?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ? ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? 1870 ????? ??? ???????? ??????????????. ?? ?????? ?????
??????????? ???? ??????
?? ?????? ???????????. ? ????? ???? ????? ????????? 1815-1850 ???? ???????? ????? ???????????.
????????
[
??????
]
?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? 8? ?????? ???????? ????. ?????? ??????? ?????? 7?? ???????? ????. ????????, ????????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??????? 15.5 ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? 38 ° ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????. ???, ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? 79.8 ° ????????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????????????. ?????? 4-6 ??????????? ??????
???????? ???? ?????? ????????????. ???????? ???????? ???????????? " ???? ???????? " ??? ?????????????. ?????? ??.??? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????. ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????, ?????? ???????,, ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????.
? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????????.
1930 ???? 20,, 1918 ?????? 6 ?, ??????? ????????? 106 °F (41 °C) 1899 ???????? 11 ?, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? -15 °F (-26 °C).
??? ????????
[
??????
]
1791?? ?????????? ??.?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????? (?????), ????????, ??????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?? ??????
??????
, ?????????? ???, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????????????. 1788?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, 400 ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????.
1792?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????????
???????? ???????
? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????????.
1900 ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????, ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? 1901?? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????. ? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????.
???? ???????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????, ??????????? ????. ????? ??.?? ????????? ???????? ????????? 1894?? 12 ????????
?????? ?????????????
???????? ????????. 1910?? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? 20 ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????????. ???????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? 555 ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????????. ?????????? ??????????? ????? 50 ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???????, ???????, ???????, ????? ??? ??.??? ???????? ?????? ?????????????. ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????.
?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? (1890 ????? ??? ???????? ???????) ?????????? ????. ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????. ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????. 1895?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????. ??.??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????, ?????????? 297 ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????. ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????????.
?????? ????
[
??????
]
?????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? 10?? 6 ?????? 2007?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?????????????, ?????????, ??????, ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ???????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????.
?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ??????????, ?????????? ???????????, ????????? ???????, ??????-???????, ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????. ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????. 1765?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????????. ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????. 1789?? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??9????????????. 3.1 ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????????.
????? ?????
[
??????
]
2011?? ??.??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? 617,996. 2010 ???? ??? 27% ?????. ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? 2000 ????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????. 2010?? ? ???????? ??.??? ?? 24? ???????? ????. 2009 ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????. ??? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ? ????? 50? ???????? ???????.
2010?? 5.6 ???????? ?? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????????. ??????????
??????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? 2010?? ????? 8.5 ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? 4? ???????? ????.
2010 ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? 57.7%, ???????????? (???????????? ???? ????) ???? 38.%, ??????? ???? 3.5%, ??????? ????????? ???? 0.3%. ??? ???????? 4.1% ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? 9.1%.
?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????. 1800, 1940 ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? 30% ???? ????????. 1970 ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? 70%?? ???????. ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????????. 2000-2010 ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? 31.4% ????? ??????????? ????? 11.5%?? ?????? ??????????. ??.?? ??????? 17% 18 ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??.??? ?????? ??????? 24% ??????. ?????????? 34 ???? ???? ??????? ???? 50 ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????. 2010 ????????? ????????? 81,734 ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ? ??? ?????????, ????????, ????????????????. ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????.
2010 ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ????? 4,822 ????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ???? 2% ???????. 2009 ???????, ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????. 2010 ?????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????.
2007 ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????. ???????? ? ????? ??? ???? ????. ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ? ????????? ???????. 2006?? ??.?? ??????? 50% 4 ????????? ????????? ??????????????. ??.?? ????? ????? ????? 55,755 ???????? ???????. ??.??? 50 ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????. 2005 ?????? ????? 19% ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????.??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????. 2008 ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? 28%, ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? 31%. ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? 8%, ? ??????? ?????????? 18%. ??.?? ??????? 90% ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ?????? 2? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????. 2009 ????????? ?????? 3% ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????. ???? ???
?????????, ?????
?????? ??.??? ????????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????.
?????????? ??.?? ???????? ?????? ???????, ???????????? ?????, ????????? ??? ??????? ????. 2010 ???????? ???????? 5% ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????. ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ????? ????????????? 60,000 ???? ??? ????????????? ??????.
1990 ?? ?????? ?????????? "????? ??????? "?? ?????????????. 1991?? ?????? 449 ?????? ??????????. 2011 ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? 108 ??????? ???????. 1963 ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ???????? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ????????, ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????. ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ???????. ?????, ???? ?????? 1990 ???????? ????? ????? ???????..
????????
?????????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????. 2010 ????????? ????????? ???????? 103.3 ???????? ???????? ???????. ??.??? 50 ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? 34? ???????? ????. 2010 ?????????? ?????? ???????? 425 ???????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? 4? ???????? ????. 2011 ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? 6.2%. ???????? 49 ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? 8.8%.
2012 ?????????? ??.?? ???? 29% ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????. ?????????? ???????, ???????? ????????????, ???????????, ????????? ???????, ??????? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??.?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????. ???????????? ?????? 200 ?????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????, ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????, ?? ????? -???????? ??????????? ???????, ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. 2008?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? 10,000 ?????????? ???????????. ???? ????? 400 ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????.
???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??????????? ?????, ???????, ???????? ????????, ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????? ???? ?????????????, ?????? ?????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? 2009?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. 2011 ???????? 500 ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????.
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?????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????????. ??? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ????????, ?????????? ???????????????, ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? (?????????) ?????? ????????? ???????. ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ????. ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????.
? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????????,, ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????.
?? ?????? ?????????
?? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????, ?????????????? ???????????????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????????????????. ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? 147 ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????. 1935?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? (???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ) ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ? ???????????
????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????
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????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????
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1846 ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????. 2010?? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????. ???? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????, ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????, ?? ?????????? ????????, ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????????????? ????????????? ????????? (?????? ???????? ??????). ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????.
?? ????????????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????. ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??.
??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????, ????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ? ???????????, ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??.??? ????????????? ??????. ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. ? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ???????????????. ?????
????? ?????????, ???????????, ???????? ?????????????????????.
???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????. ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????, ?? ???????? ???????? ????????, ?? ??????????? ???? ????????, ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????, ????????????? ????????.
?????????? ??.?? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ???.????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????????.
1798?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???
?????? ?????
?? 1880 ????? 1892 ???? ??????????. ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? 1925?? ????????????
?? ???????? ???? ???????
???????? ???????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????.
?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????. 1950?? ????????????
????? ??????
???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ???? ???????????????. ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ????? ?????. 2010 ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? 1976?? ??????????????. ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????????????.
???????? ????????? ????
?? ?? ???????? ????????
(???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????) ?? ???????? ???????, ????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????????? -?????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????????????. ??-??, ? ??????-????, ???????-??????? ??????? ?????? 1970 ????????? ??.?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????.
??????? ??????????? ???? ????????, ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. ???? ???? ???
?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????
???????? ?????????. 1980?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? 1990 ???? ??? ??? ???????????. ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????, 9-30 ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????.
?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? 12 ???????? ?????????? ????. ?????????? ?????????? (?????? ???????? ???? ????????), ?? ?????????? ????????? (?????? ???? ????), ?????????? ?????????? (?????? ' ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????), ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????, 2008?? ??.?? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ' ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ???????? (????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ) ?????????? ??????????. ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??.?? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? (?????? ???? ???? ????) ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????????.
???????? ??.?? ????? ????? 10 ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??.?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????????.
??? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????: ?? ?????????? ?????????? (?????? ??? ????????), ?????????? ??.?? ????????? (???????? ?????? ????? ????), ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? (??.???.?.???.???), ?? ??.?? ?????? (???????????? ?????? ' ?? ???? ???? ????), ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? (????? ????? ????), ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????: ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? 1976 ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????????. ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.
????????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????. 2008 ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????????. ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??.?? ????? ??????????????????.
?????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? 1877 ?? ??????????????. ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????. 2011 ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? 6? ???????? ????.
?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????????. ? ???????? ????????? ???????, ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????.
?????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????????????. ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ?? ????, ????????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????.
?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??.??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? 9? ???????? ????. ??? ?????? ???????, ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????. ?????? ?????????????? ????????? (BET);; ?????? ???; ?????? ???????????? ??????; ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (NPR); ??????? ????? (???? ????, ??????????? ??); Discov C-SPAN ???
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??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??.??? ????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ???????? (????????????? ?????????????) ??????????? ?????? ???????. 1973 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????. ? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????? 13 ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??.???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????.
???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????. ??????????? ???? 4 ???????????????? ????????????. ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????????. ?????? 37 ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? (? ??? ?? ) ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????????. ? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????.
????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????????????. ????? ????????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????. ?????? ??? ???????? 470 ?????????, 1 ??????? ???? ???????.?????, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????????.
??? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????. 1989 ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? " ????????? ???? ????????? ????????? " ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? 1995 ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????????. 1998 ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????????????, ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????. 2001 ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????.
?????????? ??.?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? 16 ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????????. 1938 ????? ?????????? ??.?? ???? ???????? ?????????????.
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? ?????? ??.??? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? - ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????. ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ??????? ??.??? ??????? ????????? ????-?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??.?? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????. 2011 ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? 19.6 ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????. 2011 19 ??????????? ??.?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????.
2005 ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? 78% ???????? ?????? ??????????????. ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????, ??.?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????. ??.?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ???????? 82% ?????????? ??.?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????.
??.?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????. ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??.???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????.
???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (??.??.??.???) ???????? 123 ????????? ????????????????. 2009 ???? 39 ????????? ????? ??.??.??.??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????. 2010-2011 ???????????????? ???????? ???????? 46,191 ???? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??.?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????.
????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????. ??????? ????????, ?????? ??????, ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????.
?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 52 ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????. ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????. 2010?? ??.?? ??????? ????????? 32,000 ?????? ??????????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ??? 9% ?????. ?????? 92 ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????. 2008 ? ???????? 18,000 ???? ????????????? ????????????????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? 25 ???? ?????????? ????? ??????, ???????? ????? ?????, ??.??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????????.
???????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? (?? ?? ?, ????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????? ??????????? (??.???????), ?????? ???? ???????????, ???????? ???????????, ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? (??? ? ? ???) ????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????. ??? ???, ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????. ????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? (??.??.??). ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????, ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ???????.
2010 ??????? ???????? ??.?? ??? ????????? ?? ???????????? 70 ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????.
? ??????? ? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????. 37% ???????? ??.?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? 2 ? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????? 12% ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????????. 6% ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????????. 3% ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? 7 ? ???????? ?????????. 80% ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????????????.
?????? ?????? ????????, ??????, ????????? ????? 1,500 ????? ????? ??????. 1960 ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? 95 ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????????. ????? ?????? 66, ????? ?????? 395 ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????.
?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??.??.?.??.? ?? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????. ????? ????????? ????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????. ????????? 86 ?????????? ????? ???? 106.3 ????? ????? ???? ?????? 1976 ?????? 27 ? ????????????????. ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 2 ? ???????? ????. ?????? ????? ????????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? 400,000 ???? ????????????????. ?????? ? ??? ??????? 6 ? ???????? ????. ???????, ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??.?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????????.
??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ?? ?????? 70,000 ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????. ???????????? 4.6 ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????.
????????? ?? ? ??? ??, ????????? ??.???.?? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ???????????????. 2011 ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????.
?????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ???????? 26.3 ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? 31.7 ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? - ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????.
2030 ?????? ??? ??????????? 32% ??????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????. ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????. ??????????, ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????. 1,670 ?? ????????, 175 ????????? ?????? ? ??????? 2010 ?? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? 16 ?????????? ???? ?????????. ? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????.
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