?????? ?? ???????

?????? ?? ??????? ( The Holocaust ) ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????, 6 ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? (Holocaust) ????????? ???????? ??????????????????????, ???? ???? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? (????) ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????????. ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????. ?????????, ????????? , ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????, ???????????????? , ???? ???????? , ??? ??????? ??????, ?????????? , ???????? ????????????? , ??????? ????????, ???????? ?????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ???? ???? "????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????" ?? ??????????. ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???? 9 ???????? 11 ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????????????.

??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????????. ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????????? ?????????????, ????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????. ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ????????? ?????, ????????????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????????, ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????. ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????. ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????????.

1941 ????????? 1945 ???, ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????; ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ?????????????? ??????????????? ????, ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????, ???? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? 42,500?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? 200,000?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????????.

???? ?? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????, "?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????" ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????????????????, ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????????, ????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????? 1935. 1933 ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????. 1939 ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????. 1941 ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? 2 ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????. 1942 ??? ??????????????, ??????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ??? ????????? 1945 ?????? - ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????.

??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? 1943 ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????, ????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????. ???????? 20,000 - 30,000 ??? ???????????????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????. ??????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????. ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????.

?????????????? ??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

?????????????? ??????? ???? ???????? [ ???? ]

??????????? (?????? ?? ???????) ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????, ??? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????????. ^[2] ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????. ^[3] ???? ????? ??????????, "???????" ?????? ?????????? ??? 1940????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????. ^[4]

??????????? (?????? ?? ???????) ?????? 1950????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????????. ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????. ????? ????????????????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????.

?????? ??????????????? ??????? "?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????" ?????? "??????? ??????" ???? ??????????? ??????????????. ^[5]

?? ??????? ????????? [ ???? ]

????????. ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ^[6]
???????? ?????	???????? ????	?????????	??????.
??????????? II	1,000,000	50°2′9″N 19°10′42″E / 50.03583°N 19.17833°E / 50.03583; 19.17833 ( O?wi?cim (Auschwitz, Poland) )	^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]
????????	600,000	50°22′18″N 23°27′27″E / 50.37167°N 23.45750°E / 50.37167; 23.45750 ( Belzec (Poland) )	^[11]^[12]
????????	320,000	52°9′27″N 18°43′43″E / 52.15750°N 18.72861°E / 52.15750; 18.72861 ( Chełmno (Poland) )	^[11]^[13]
????????	58?97,000	45°16′54″N 16°56′6″E / 45.28167°N 16.93500°E / 45.28167; 16.93500	^[14]^[15]
????????	360,000	51°13′13″N 22°36′0″E / 51.22028°N 22.60000°E / 51.22028; 22.60000 ( Majdanek (Poland) )	^[16]^[17]
??? ??????????????	65,000	53°51′4″N 27°42′17″E / 53.85111°N 27.70472°E / 53.85111; 27.70472 ( Malyy Trostenets (Belarus) )	^[18]^[19]
????????	250,000	51°26′50″N 23°35′37″E / 51.44722°N 23.59361°E / 51.44722; 23.59361 ( Sobibor (Poland) )	^[20]^[21]
????????????	870,000	52°37′35″N 22°2′49″E / 52.62639°N 22.04694°E / 52.62639; 22.04694 ( Treblinka (Poland) )	^[22]^[23]

??????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? [ ???? ]

???????????????????	???????? ????	?????
????????	5.9 ?????????	^[24]
??????? ???? ???????	2?3 ?????????	^[25]
????????? ??????????	1.8?2 ?????????	^[26]^[27]
??????	220,000?1,500,000	^[28]^[29]
??????????	200,000?250,000	^[30]
????????????	80,000?200,000	^[31]^[32]
??????????????	20,000?25,000	^[33]
??????????????????????	5,000?15,000	^[34]
?????????? ?????????	2,500?5,000	^[35]
???????????? ?????????? ??????????	7000	^[36]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "The Auschwitz Album" , Yad Vashem .
↑ " Holocaust ". The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia 4 . (1904). ???????????? 1 June 2016.
↑ "Holocaust" . Dictionary . Merriam-Webster . ????????????? ???? 16 June 2017 .
↑ "The Holocaust: Definition and Preliminary Discussion" . Holocaust Resource Center . Yad Vashem . Archived from the original on 28 ?????????? 2018 . ????????????? ???? 26 June 2015 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ Longerich, Peter (2003). "Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime" . Holocaust Denial on Trial . Emory University . ????????????? ???? 30 May 2017 .
↑ Source: Yad Vashem . Retrieved 7 May 2007
↑ "Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau" . Archived from the original on 2011-10-05 . ????????????? ???? 2014-04-04 .
↑ Piper 1998 , ?. 62.
↑ Per Yadvashem.org ????????????? 2013-09-21 at the ??????? ????????? , Auschwitz II total numbers are "between 1.3M?1.5M", so we use the middle value 1.4M as estimate here.
↑ Coordinates from: Auschwitz concentration camp
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Belzec , Yad Vashem.
↑ Coordinates from: Belzec extermination camp
↑ Coordinates from: Chełmno extermination camp
↑ Jasenovac , Yad Vashem.
↑ Coordinates from: Jasenovac concentration camp
↑ Majdanek , Yad Vashem.
↑ Coordinates from: Majdanek
↑ Maly Trostinets , Yad Vashem.
↑ Coordinates from: Maly Trostenets extermination camp
↑ Sobibor , Yad Vashem.
↑ Coordinates from: Sobibor extermination camp
↑ Treblinka , Yad Vashem.
↑ Coordinates from: Treblinka extermination camp
↑ Dawidowicz, Lucy . The War Against the Jews , Bantam, 1986.p. 403
↑ Berenbaum 2005 , ?. 125.
↑ 1.8?1.9 ????????? non-Jewish Polish citizens are estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation and the war. Estimates are from Polish scholar, Franciszek Piper, the chief historian at Auschwitz. Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era ????????????? 2012-12-12 at the ??????? ????????? at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
↑ Piotrowski, Tadeusz. "Project InPosterum: Poland WWII Casualties" . Retrieved 15 March 2007; and Łuczak, Czesław . "Szanse i trudno?ci bilansu demograficznego Polski w latach 1939?1945", Dzieje Najnowsze , issue 1994/2.
↑ "Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies)" . Holocaust Encyclopedia . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved 27 September 2012. The USHMM places the scholarly estimates at 220,000?500,000. According to Berenbaum 2005 , p. 126, "serious scholars estimate that between 90,000 and 220,000 were killed under German rule."
↑ Hancock 2004 , ?. 383?96 .
↑ Ryan & Schuchman 2002 , ?. 62.
↑ "GrandLodgeScotland.com" . GrandLodgeScotland.com. Archived from the original on 7 ???? 2011 . ????????????? ???? 31 July 2010 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ Freemasons for Dummies , by Christopher Hodapp , Wiley Publishing Inc., Indianapolis, 2005, page 85, sec. Hitler and the Nazis
↑ The number of Slovenes estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation (not including those killed by Slovene collaboration forces and other Nazi allies) is estimated between 20,000 and 25,000 people. This number only includes civilians: Slovene partisan POWs who died and resistance fighters killed in action are not included (their number is estimated at 27,000). These numbers however include only Slovenes from present-day Slovenia : it does not include Carinthian Slovene victims, nor Slovene victims from areas in present-day Italy and Croatia. These numbers are result of a 10-year long research by the Institute for Contemporary History ( In?titut za novej?o zgodovino ) from Ljubljana, Slovenia. The partial results of the research have been released in 2008 in the volume ?rtve vojne in revolucije v Sloveniji (Ljubljana: Institute for Conetmporary History, 2008), and officially presented at the Slovenian National Council ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102638/http://www.ds-rs.si/?q=publikacije%2Fzborniki%2FZrtve_vojne ????????????? 2011-07-19 at the ??????? ????????? ]). The volume is also available online: [File: http://www.ds-rs.si/dokumenti/publikacije/Zbornik_05-1.pdf ????????????? 2011-07-19 at the ??????? ????????? ]
↑ The Holocaust Chronicle , Publications International Ltd., p. 108.
↑ Shulman, William L. A State of Terror: Germany 1933?1939 . Bayside, New York: Holocaust Resource Center and Archives.
↑ Pike, David Wingeate. Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, the horror on the Danube; Editorial: Routledge Chapman & Hall ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-415-22780-3 . London, 2000.

[AuschwitzAlbum-1] "The Auschwitz Album" , Yad Vashem .

[2] " Holocaust ". The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia 4 . (1904). ???????????? 1 June 2016.

[3] "Holocaust" . Dictionary . Merriam-Webster . ????????????? ???? 16 June 2017 .

[YVDefinition-4] "The Holocaust: Definition and Preliminary Discussion" . Holocaust Resource Center . Yad Vashem . Archived from the original on 28 ?????????? 2018 . ????????????? ???? 26 June 2015 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[Longerich-5] Longerich, Peter (2003). "Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime" . Holocaust Denial on Trial . Emory University . ????????????? ???? 30 May 2017 .

[6] Source: Yad Vashem . Retrieved 7 May 2007

[yvsau-7] "Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau" . Archived from the original on 2011-10-05 . ????????????? ???? 2014-04-04 .

[8] Piper 1998 , ?. 62.

[9] Per Yadvashem.org ????????????? 2013-09-21 at the ??????? ????????? , Auschwitz II total numbers are "between 1.3M?1.5M", so we use the middle value 1.4M as estimate here.

[10] Coordinates from: Auschwitz concentration camp

[yvsbe-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Belzec , Yad Vashem.

[12] Coordinates from: Belzec extermination camp

[13] Coordinates from: Chełmno extermination camp

[yvsja-14] Jasenovac , Yad Vashem.

[15] Coordinates from: Jasenovac concentration camp

[yvsmaj-16] Majdanek , Yad Vashem.

[17] Coordinates from: Majdanek

[yvsmal-18] Maly Trostinets , Yad Vashem.

[19] Coordinates from: Maly Trostenets extermination camp

[yvsso-20] Sobibor , Yad Vashem.

[21] Coordinates from: Sobibor extermination camp

[yvstr-22] Treblinka , Yad Vashem.

[23] Coordinates from: Treblinka extermination camp

[autogenerated2-24] Dawidowicz, Lucy . The War Against the Jews , Bantam, 1986.p. 403

[Berenbaum_2005_125-25] Berenbaum 2005 , ?. 125.

[autogenerated1-26] 1.8?1.9 ????????? non-Jewish Polish citizens are estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation and the war. Estimates are from Polish scholar, Franciszek Piper, the chief historian at Auschwitz. Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era ????????????? 2012-12-12 at the ??????? ????????? at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

[PolandWorldWarIIcasualties-27] Piotrowski, Tadeusz. "Project InPosterum: Poland WWII Casualties" . Retrieved 15 March 2007; and Łuczak, Czesław . "Szanse i trudno?ci bilansu demograficznego Polski w latach 1939?1945", Dzieje Najnowsze , issue 1994/2.

[USHMM_Roma-28] "Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies)" . Holocaust Encyclopedia . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved 27 September 2012. The USHMM places the scholarly estimates at 220,000?500,000. According to Berenbaum 2005 , p. 126, "serious scholars estimate that between 90,000 and 220,000 were killed under German rule."

[383–96-29] Hancock 2004 , ?. 383?96 .

[30] Ryan & Schuchman 2002 , ?. 62.

[GrandLodgeofScotland-31] "GrandLodgeScotland.com" . GrandLodgeScotland.com. Archived from the original on 7 ???? 2011 . ????????????? ???? 31 July 2010 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[holocaust-32] Freemasons for Dummies , by Christopher Hodapp , Wiley Publishing Inc., Indianapolis, 2005, page 85, sec. Hitler and the Nazis

[33] The number of Slovenes estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation (not including those killed by Slovene collaboration forces and other Nazi allies) is estimated between 20,000 and 25,000 people. This number only includes civilians: Slovene partisan POWs who died and resistance fighters killed in action are not included (their number is estimated at 27,000). These numbers however include only Slovenes from present-day Slovenia : it does not include Carinthian Slovene victims, nor Slovene victims from areas in present-day Italy and Croatia. These numbers are result of a 10-year long research by the Institute for Contemporary History ( In?titut za novej?o zgodovino ) from Ljubljana, Slovenia. The partial results of the research have been released in 2008 in the volume ?rtve vojne in revolucije v Sloveniji (Ljubljana: Institute for Conetmporary History, 2008), and officially presented at the Slovenian National Council ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102638/http://www.ds-rs.si/?q=publikacije%2Fzborniki%2FZrtve_vojne ????????????? 2011-07-19 at the ??????? ????????? ]). The volume is also available online: [File: http://www.ds-rs.si/dokumenti/publikacije/Zbornik_05-1.pdf ????????????? 2011-07-19 at the ??????? ????????? ]

[Chronicle108-34] The Holocaust Chronicle , Publications International Ltd., p. 108.

[Shulman-35] Shulman, William L. A State of Terror: Germany 1933?1939 . Bayside, New York: Holocaust Resource Center and Archives.

[Pike,_David_Wingeate_2000-36] Pike, David Wingeate. Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, the horror on the Danube; Editorial: Routledge Chapman & Hall ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-415-22780-3 . London, 2000.

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