??. ???. ??????

??. ???. ??????
??. ???. ?????? ;
???????	9 ?????????? 1940 (???? 84) ; ???? ?????
?????? ???????	????????? ????????????? ;
???	????????????????, ????????????, ????????????? ???????????, ?????????? , prose writer, critic
???? ??????????	National University of General San Martin ; ???? ????? ????????????? ;
????????? ??????	Life & Times of Michael K
?????????	???????????????? ????? ????? , Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres, ??????? ????? , Order of Mapungubwe, ??????? ?????
	[ ?????????????? ???? ]

??. ???. ?????? ( John Maxwell Coetzee / k ? t ? s ? ? , - ? s iː / ^[1]) (??????? - ???????? 9 , 1940 , ????????? ) ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? , ????????????,????????????, ???????????????? ?????. ???????? 2003 ??? ???????????????? ????? ????? ?????????????. ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????. 2002 ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????. ^[2] 2006 ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????. ^[3]

2013 ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????. "???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ^[4]. 2003 ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?? ??? ? ???????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ^[5]

????? ??? ???????? [ ???? ]

???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? 9 , 1940 ??? ??????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????. ^[6] ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? . ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ^[7]. ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????. ????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ^[7]

??????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????????????? ?????????. ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????. ^[8] ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????. 1960 ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????, 1961 ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????. ^[9]

?????????, ????????????? [ ???? ]

?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????,??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????????. ^[10]

??????? ???????? [ ???? ]

???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????. 1983 ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? (???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????) ??????? 1999 ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? (???????) ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????. ^[11] ???? 1988 ??????? 2001 ??? ??????? ????????, 2009 ??????? 2012 ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????.

?????????? 2003 [ ???? ]

???????? 2 2003 ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????. ????? ???? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????? ?? ????????. ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ^[12] ????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????. ^[13] ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? 10 , 2003 ??? ???????????? ??????????. ^[13]

????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Sangster, Catherine (1 October 2009). "How to Say: JM Coetzee and other Booker authors" . BBC News . http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/magazinemonitor/2009/09/how_to_say_3.shtml . ??????? ????: 26 November 2012 . : "The first syllable is pronounced kuut (uu as in book); debate rages about the pronunciation of the "ee" at the end. Many South Africans, whether Afrikaans speakers or not, pronounce this as a diphthong EE-uh, as in the word "idea". Indeed, kuut-SEE-uh was the Unit's original recommendation in the early 1980s, based on the advice of the South African Broadcasting Corporation and his London publisher, Secker and Warburg. However, that vowel can also be pronounced as a monophthong (kuut-SEE), especially by those from the south of the country, and this is the pronunciation that the author uses and prefers the BBC to use too."
↑ "Coetzee honoured in Poznan" . Polskie Radio. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 17 ???????? 2019 . ????????????? ???? 12 January 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help ) "His maternal great-grandfather was born in Czarnylas , Poland"
↑ Donadio, Rachel (16 December 2007). "Out of South Africa" . The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/books/review/Donadio-t.html?pagewanted=all . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .
↑ Donadio, Rachel (3 January 2013). "Disgrace: JM Coetzee humiliates himself in Johannesburg. Or does he?" . Daily Maverick . Archived from the original on 12 ????? 2013 . ????????????? ???? 3 January 2013 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ Coetzee, J. M. (22 February 2007). "Animals can't speak for themselves ? it's up to us to do it" . The Age . http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/animals-cant-speak-for-themselves--its-up-to-us/2007/02/21/1171733841769.html .
↑ Richards Cooper, Rand (2 November 1997). "Portrait of the writer as an Afrikaner" . New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/02/books/portrait-of-the-writer-as-an-afrikaner.html . ??????? ????: 9 October 2009 .
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Head, Dominic (2009). The Cambridge Introduction to J. M. Coetzee . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1?2. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-521-68709-8 .
↑ Price, Jonathan (April 2012). "J. M. Coetzee" . Emory University . ????????????? ???? 12 January 2014 .
↑ "John Coetzee" . Who's Who of Southern Africa . ????????????? ???? 12 January 2014 .
↑ Lake, Ed (1 August 2009). "Starry-eyed Booker Prize" . The National ??? ????????? ??????? 12 January 2014 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20140112045723/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090802%2FART%2F708019974%2F1007 . ??????? ????: 1 August 2009 .
↑ Gibbons, Fiachra (25 October 1999). "Absent Coetzee wins surprise second Booker award" . The Guardian . https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/oct/26/fiachragibbons . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .
↑ "Coetzee wins Nobel literature prize" . BBC News. 2 October 2003 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3158278.stm . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 "Coetzee receives Nobel honour" . BBC News. 10 December 2003 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3305847.stm . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .

??????????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?????
?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????
?? ??? ??????? at ?? ?????????? ??????

[1] Sangster, Catherine (1 October 2009). "How to Say: JM Coetzee and other Booker authors" . BBC News . http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/magazinemonitor/2009/09/how_to_say_3.shtml . ??????? ????: 26 November 2012 . : "The first syllable is pronounced kuut (uu as in book); debate rages about the pronunciation of the "ee" at the end. Many South Africans, whether Afrikaans speakers or not, pronounce this as a diphthong EE-uh, as in the word "idea". Indeed, kuut-SEE-uh was the Unit's original recommendation in the early 1980s, based on the advice of the South African Broadcasting Corporation and his London publisher, Secker and Warburg. However, that vowel can also be pronounced as a monophthong (kuut-SEE), especially by those from the south of the country, and this is the pronunciation that the author uses and prefers the BBC to use too."

[poznan2-2] "Coetzee honoured in Poznan" . Polskie Radio. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 17 ???????? 2019 . ????????????? ???? 12 January 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help ) "His maternal great-grandfather was born in Czarnylas , Poland"

[3] Donadio, Rachel (16 December 2007). "Out of South Africa" . The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/books/review/Donadio-t.html?pagewanted=all . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .

[4] Donadio, Rachel (3 January 2013). "Disgrace: JM Coetzee humiliates himself in Johannesburg. Or does he?" . Daily Maverick . Archived from the original on 12 ????? 2013 . ????????????? ???? 3 January 2013 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[5] Coetzee, J. M. (22 February 2007). "Animals can't speak for themselves ? it's up to us to do it" . The Age . http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/animals-cant-speak-for-themselves--its-up-to-us/2007/02/21/1171733841769.html .

[Richards_Cooper-6] Richards Cooper, Rand (2 November 1997). "Portrait of the writer as an Afrikaner" . New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/02/books/portrait-of-the-writer-as-an-afrikaner.html . ??????? ????: 9 October 2009 .

[Head-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Head, Dominic (2009). The Cambridge Introduction to J. M. Coetzee . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1?2. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-521-68709-8 .

[Emory2-8] Price, Jonathan (April 2012). "J. M. Coetzee" . Emory University . ????????????? ???? 12 January 2014 .

[Who's_Who-9] "John Coetzee" . Who's Who of Southern Africa . ????????????? ???? 12 January 2014 .

[Lake2-10] Lake, Ed (1 August 2009). "Starry-eyed Booker Prize" . The National ??? ????????? ??????? 12 January 2014 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20140112045723/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090802%2FART%2F708019974%2F1007 . ??????? ????: 1 August 2009 .

[Gibbons-11] Gibbons, Fiachra (25 October 1999). "Absent Coetzee wins surprise second Booker award" . The Guardian . https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/oct/26/fiachragibbons . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .

[BBC_News_1-12] "Coetzee wins Nobel literature prize" . BBC News. 2 October 2003 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3158278.stm . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .

[BBC_News_2-13] 13.0 ^13.1 "Coetzee receives Nobel honour" . BBC News. 10 December 2003 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3305847.stm . ??????? ????: 12 January 2014 .

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