Heed
|
|
Sawirgacmeed heeda
|
Kala soocida cilmiga ah
|
Boqortooyo:
|
Plantae
|
(darajo la'aan):
|
Angiosperms
|
(darajo la'aan):
|
Monocots
|
(darajo la'aan):
|
Commelinids
|
Dirka:
|
Poales
|
Bahka:
|
Poaceae
|
Bahka hoose:
|
Pooideae
|
Qabiilka:
|
Triticeae
|
Duulka:
|
Hordeum
|
Noocyada:
|
H. vulgare
[1]
|
Magaca laba-geesoodka ah
|
Hordeum vulgare
Carl Linnaeus
|
Heed
(
Af Ingiriis
:
barley
;
Af Carabi
:
ar
) magaca
sayniska
Hordeum vulgare
L., waa qayb ka mid ah
dhirta
cowsleyda
ah ee bixisa
midhaha xabada firida
ah. Heeda waxaa markii ugu horaysay taariikhda laga beeran jirey
buuroleyda
Tibet
, ka dibna waxay u soo gudubtey
qaarada Aasiya
,
Afrika
iyo
Yurub
. Sidoo kale, heedu waxay ka mid tahay dhirta cowska u eeg waana mida loogu beerashada badan yahay caalamka. Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, heeda waxaa dadku u isticmaali jireen
cunto
ahaan, in
xoolaha
la quudiyo, in laga sameeyo
khamriga
, in laga sameeyo
cabitaano
khafiif ah iyo sharaabyo kala duwan.
Intaas waxaa dheer, waxaa heeda laga diyaariyaa nooc ka mid ah
maraqa
bilaa
duxda
ah,
canjeerada
iyo noocyo badan oo
rooti
ah. Midhaha heeda waxaa lagu yaqaanaa ineey yihiin kuwo
caafimaad
leh, socodiiya
caloosha
,
nafaqo
iyo awood siiya xubnaha jidhka.
Sida ay sheegtay Hay'ada Cuntada Aduunku, sanadkii 2007da heedu waxay mida
afaraad
ee ugu soo saarka badneyd midhaha firileyda ah, taasi oo wadanada caalamku soo saareen ilaa 136 milyan ton heed ah, isla markaana laga
beeray
deegaan dhan 566,000 kilomitir labo jibaaran (219,000 mayl labo jibaaran).
[2]
Geedka heedu wuxuu xubin ka yahay dhirta
cowsleyda
ah. Geedkani isaga ayaa isbacarimiya, wuxuuna leeyahay jiinisyo ka kooban
14 koromosoom
. Noocyada geedaha ay ka soo tafiirantay heedu waxay si xoogan uga baxaan xoogaga iyo banaanada deegaanda
carada nafaqada leh
ee Galbeedka Aasiya iyo Koonfurbari Afrika.
[3]
Si kastaba ha ahaatee,
cilmibaadis
lagu sameeyay asalkii hore iyo raadraaca geedka heeda ayaa wuxuu iskugu biyo shubtay wadanka
Tibet
oo noqotey meeshii ugu horeeysay ee geedka heeda lagu dhaqan jirey wakhti aad u badan ka hor.
[4]
Heeda duurjooga ahi waxay leedahay qolof yuuban, goorta ay qaangaadho qoloftaasi way ka hadhaa, waxaana soo baxa firida oo kali ah. Si taasi ka duwan, heeda la dhaqdo ama dadku beeraan ma lahan qoloftaasi yuuban, taasi oo markaasi ka dhigeeysa fudeeyd goortii la goosan lahaa waa marka eey bislaato ee. Qolof la'aanta heeda la dhaqdo waxaa keenay midowga labo jiinis kuwaasi oo kala ah Bt
1
iyo Bt
2
; waana astaan ay leeyihiin dhamaan heeda dadku beertaan.
[5]
|
---|
|
|
|
Dhirta la cuno
| | |
---|
|
Khudaar
| |
---|
|
Cunto iyo Cabitan
| |
---|
|
La Xidhiidha
| |
---|
|
|
- ↑
Template:ITIS
- ↑
"Nuqul Archive"
. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
La keydiyay
asal ahaan 2009-05-08
. Soo qaatay
2009-05-18
.
- ↑
Zohary, Daniel; Maria Hopf. (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 59?69.
ISBN
0-19-850357-1
http://books.google.com/?id=C1H6_XWJS_gC&pg=PA59&vq=barley&dq=Domestication+of+Plants+in+the+Old+World:+The+Origin+and+Spread+of+Cultivated+Plants+in+West+Asia,+Europe,+and+the+Nile+Valley
.
- ↑
Dai, F.; Nevo, E.; Wu, D.; Comadran, J.; Zhou, M.; Qiu, L.; Chen, Z.; Beiles, A.; et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
.
109
(42): 16969.
doi
:
10.1073/pnas.1215265109
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/10/01/1215265109.abstract.html?etoc
.
- ↑
{clarify|reason=Is it possible to paraphrase "homozygous for the mutant allele" in language a lay person can understand? Even following the two links did not clear up my confusion. I understood this section just fine up to that point.|date=November 2014}