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State of Alabama

Flag of الاباما
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?????: ' Seal of Alabama.svg
Projection of North America with the United States in green
The United States and its territories
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135?765 km 2 (52?419 sq mi) ( ????? ???? )
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4,863,300 (2016 est.) [1] ( ?????? ?????? ? 24 ???? )
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[ ???? ?????: invalid number ] ( ?????? ? 27 ???? )
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State route marker
الاباما state route marker
State quarter
الاباما quarter dollar coin
Released in 2003
Lists of United States state symbols

??????? ( ??????? ???? : Alabama ) ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???. [2]

?????? ????? [ ??????? ]

??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???.?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???. ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? . ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ? ?????????? 1702 ? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.

????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? 6550 ??? 6145 ? ? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???

?? ????? ? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????????(Muskogean) ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???.?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???(Coosa River) ? ???????? ???(Tallapoosa River) ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???. [3] ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? (Albaamo) ?? ?????? (Albaama) ? ??? ???? ???? ? ??????? (Albaamaha) ??????? ??? ??? [4]

????? [ ??????? ]

?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? 1540 ? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??? 160 ??? ??? ????????? ???? (Mobile) ??? ?? 1720 ? ????? ???. [5] ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? . ??????? ? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???. ???? ??? 1763 ??? 1783 ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????.?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ??????? ???.????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 1783 ??? 30 ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ? ?????? (Baldwin) ?? ?????? ???? ???.1812 ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???. 13 ????? 1813 ? ???? ? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? [6] [7] ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? 1770 ???? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????.

???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???

???? ?????? ?? ????? 3 ???? 1817 ? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? 1819 ????? ???? . [8] ???? ??? 14 ????? 1819 ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? 22??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 5 ?????? ??? 2 ???? 1819 ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????. ?????? (Huntsville) ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? 1920 ????? ????.???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? (Cahaba) ????? ??? ??? [9]

??? ????? 1833 ? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? Thornhill ? ????

????? ???? ???? ????? ????? (ghost town) ???? ?? 1825 ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? [10] ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? [11] [12] ?? 1810? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? 1830 ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? 1830 ? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? (Indian Removal Act) ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? [13] ?? 1860 ? ????? ?? ????? 964201 ????? ?? ??? ???? ? 435080 ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? 2690 ???? ??? [14] . ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???.??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???.???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? .1826 ??? 1846 ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? 30 ????? 1846 ? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? 1847 ? ???. ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???.

????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? Tuscaloosa ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???

???? ???? ???? ??? [ ??????? ]

11 ????? 1861 ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ???. ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ????????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???. ?? ?? 1?20?000 ?????? ??? ? ???? ????.

????? ???? ??? 1864 ? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????

???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???. ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? . ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???. 1865 ? ???? ?? 13 ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? [15] ??? ?? 1865 ? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? 1868 ?????? ????? ? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???. ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????.

????? ????? ???? ??? [ ??????? ]

??????? 1915 ? ???? ?? ??????? ??

????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???.???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???.???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? 1901 ? ??????? ?? ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???.1903 ? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? 74000 ???? ??? ?????? ??? 2980 ?? ????? ??? ???. ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???. ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 1965 ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? [16]

????? ?????? ?????? ????? (Mount Sinai School) ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? (Autauga County) ?1919 ? ???? ?? ? 387 ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???

??????? [ ??????? ]

??????? ?? ????

??????? ???? ?????? ?? 30 ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????52?419 ???? ??? (135?760 km 2 ) ???.?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ????? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???.????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???. ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ????? (Tennessee), ???? ? ?????? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ??????? .?? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???. ?????? ?????? 2?413 ft (735 m)???. [17] ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? 220 ?? ???? ?? 89000 ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? 67 ????? ???. [18] ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???. [19]

???? [ ??????? ]

??????? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??

????? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ???. [20] ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? 18 ????? ???? ?? 64 ????????? ???. ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ???????(Appalachian) ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???. ??????? ? ???? ???? 32 ????? ???? ????? ????? ???.

?? ???? ??? ? 27 ????? 2011 ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????

????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???.

??????? 2010 ? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????

???? ????? [ ??????? ]

??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??????????? ???
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?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???
???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ????????? ???
???? ???????? ?????? [21]
Rank ???? ???????? ?????? ????? 2016 ? ????? 2010 ?
1 ???????- ????-????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? 1,361,299 1,302,283
2 ???????- ???? ????-????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? [CSA 1] 954,228 923,460
3 ??????- ??????- ??????? ?? ???? ?????? 768,033 664,441
4 ????- ?????- ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? 623,399 595,257
5 ??????- ???? - ??????? ?? ???? ?????? [22] 501,589 469,327
6 ????- ??????????- ?????? ?? ???? ?????? 248,286 245,838
??????????? ?????? [23]
???? ??????????? ?????? ????? 2016 ? ????? 2010 ?
1 ??????? ??????????? 1,147,417 1,128,047
2 ?????? ??????????? 449,720 417,593
3 ???? ??????????? 414,836 412,992
4 ????????? ??????????? 374,000 374,536
5 ???????? ??????????? 241,378 230,162
6 ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ? ???? 208,563 182,265
7 ?????? ??????????? 152,256 153,829
8 ????? ??????????? 147,834 145,639
9 ???? ??????????? 158,991 140,247
10 ?????? ? ??? ???? 146,534 147,137
11 ?????? - ??????? ??????? ??????????? 114,611 118,572
12 ??????? ??????????? 102,564 104,430

????? [ ??????? ]

1978? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????
??????? ?? ??? ????????? ? 2010? ? ?????? ???? ????????????
???? ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International in Tuscaloosa County was the first automotive facility to locate within the state.
Airbus Mobile Engineering Center at the Brookley Aeroplex in Mobile
Regions-Harbert Plaza , Regions Center , and Wells Fargo Tower in Birmingham's financial district.

????? ?????? ? ????? [ ??????? ]

The State Capitol Building in Montgomery, completed in 1851
The Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in Montgomery. It houses the Supreme Court of Alabama , Alabama Court of Civil Appeals , and Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals .
Governor Kay Ivey is the current and second female Governor of Alabama . She is the only Republican female Governor in the state's history.

????? [ ??????? ]

  1. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates" . U.S. Census Bureau . ???? ??? June 22, 2017 .  
  2. ↑ "7 Alabama state parks earn total of 9 TripAdvisor Hall of Fame honors - Yellowhammer News | Yellowhammer News" . yellowhammernews.com . ???? ??? 2018-06-15 .   horizontal tab character in |title= at position 90 ( ??? )
  3. ↑ Read, William A. (1984). Indian Place Names in Alabama . University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0231-X . OCLC 10724679 .  
  4. ↑ Sylestine, Cora; Hardy; Heather; and Montler, Timothy (1993). Dictionary of the Alabama Language . Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73077-2 . OCLC 26590560 . http://www.ling.unt.edu/~montler/Alabama/ .  
  5. ↑ "Alabama State History" . theUS50.com. ??? August 25, 2006 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? September 23, 2006 .  
  6. ↑ "Alabama History Timeline" . Alabama Department of Archives and History . ???? ??? July 27, 2013 .  
  7. ↑ Thomason, Michael (2001). Mobile: The New History of Alabama's First City . Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-8173-1065-7 .  
  8. ↑ "Old St. Stephens" . Encyclopedia of Alabama . Auburn University . ???? ??? June 21, 2011 .  
  9. ↑ "Huntsville" . The Encyclopedia of Alabama . Alabama Humanities Foundation . ???? ??? January 22, 2013 .  
  10. ↑ "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826" . Old Cahawba: A Cahawba Advisory Committee Project . ???? ??? September 22, 2012 .  
  11. ↑ LeeAnna Keith. "Alabama Fever" . Encyclopedia of Alabama . Auburn University . ???? ??? September 22, 2012 .  
  12. ↑ "Alabama Fever" . Alabama Department of Archives and History . State of Alabama. ??? January 17, 2013 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? September 22, 2012 .  
  13. ↑ Wayne Flynt. "Alabama" . Encyclopedia of Alabama . Auburn University . ???? ??? September 22, 2012 .  
  14. ↑ "Alabama History Timeline" . Alabama Department of Archives and History . State of Alabama . ???? ??? September 22, 2012 .  
  15. ↑ {{cite web|url= http://www.historicaldocuments.com/13thAmendment.htm |title=13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865) |accessdate=September 23, 2006 |year=2005 |work=Historical Documents |publisher=HistoricalDocuments.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061031131251/http://www.historicaldocuments.com/13thAmendment.htm |archivedate=October 31, 2006 }
  16. ↑ "Segregation (Jim Crow)" . Encyclopedia of Alabama . ???? ??? 2018-05-26 .  
  17. ↑ "NGS Data Sheet for Cheaha Mountain" . U.S. National Geodetic Survey . ???? ??? June 8, 2011 .  
  18. ↑ Alabama Forest Owner's Guide to Information Resources, Introduction , Alabamaforests.org ??????? ??? ??? April 27, 2015, ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? .
  19. ↑ {{cite web|url= http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-context=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1R_ST2S&-CONTEXT=gct&-tree_id=4001&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=04000US01&-format=ST-2 |title=Alabama County (geographies ranked by total population): 2000 |date=2000 |work=Geographic Comparison Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=May 14, 2007|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081011232646/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-context=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1R_ST2S&-CONTEXT=gct&-tree_id=4001&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=04000US01&-format=ST-2%7Carchivedate=October 11, 2008|deadurl=yes}
  20. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Alabama: Climate" . University of Alabama.  
  21. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016" . United States Census Bureau . ???? ??? January 6, 2017 .  
  22. ↑ In Alabama, only Lee, Russell, and Chambers Counties (total 2016 population: 251,006; total 2010 population: 227,409) are included in the Columbus CSA)
  23. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016" . United States Census Bureau . ???? ??? December 30, 2017 .  


????? ?? ??: "CSA" ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? <ref> ???? ?? ??????? ??? <references group="CSA"/> ?? ????

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