Coordinates
:
8°N
38°E
/
8°N 38°E
/
8; 38
Ethiopie
(
) (
Ge'ez
: ?????
??ty???y?
) is a
landlocked kintra
locatit in the
Horn o Africae
, an offeecially kent as the
Federal Democratic Republic o Ethiopie
. It is the seicont-maist populous naition in Africae, wi ower 85.2 million fowk,
[9]
an the tent-lairgest bi aurie, wi its 1,100,000 km
2
. The caipital is
Addis Ababa
. Ethiopie is bordered bi
Eritrea
tae the north,
Sudan
and
Sooth Sudan
tae the wast,
Djibouti
an
Somalie
tae the east, an
Kenyae
tae the sooth.
Ethiopie wis a
monarchy
for maist o its history, an the
Ethiopian dynasty
traces its roots tae the 2nt century BC.
[10]
Ethiopie is an aa ane o the auldest sites o human existence kent tae scientists the day, haein yieldit some o humanity's auldest traces.
[11]
It mey be the region frae which
Homo sapiens
first set oot for the
Middle East
an pynts ayont.
[12]
[13]
[14]
When
Africae wis dividit up
bi European pouers at the
Berlin Conference
, Ethiopie wis ane o anerlie twa kintras that retained its
unthirldom
. It wis ane o anerlie fower African members o the
League o Naitions
. Efter a brief period o
Italian occupation
, Ethiopie became a
chairter member
o the
Unitit Naitions
. When ither African naitions received thair unthrildom follaein
Warld War II
, mony o them adoptit the colors o Ethiopie's
Banner
, an Addis Ababa became the location o several internaitional organisations focused on Africae.
Modren Ethiopie an its current mairches are a result o significant territorial reduction in the north an expansion in the sooth taewart its present mairches, awin tae several migrations an commercial integration as weel as conquests, parteecularly bi
Emperor Menelik II
an
Ras Gobena
. In 1974, the dynasty led bi Emperor
Haile Selassie
wis owerthrawn as ceevil wars intensified. Syne then, Ethiopie haes seen a variety o govrenmental seestems. Ethiopie is ane o the foondin members o the
Non-Aligned Movement
(NAM),
G-77
an the
Organisation o African Unity
(OAU). The day, Addis Ababa is still the heidquarter o the
African Union
, the Nile Basin Commission,
[15]
the Pan African Chamber o Commerce (PACCI) an
[16]
UNECA
. The kintra haes ane o the maist pouerful militaries in Africae an Addis Ababa is the heidquarter o the continental
African Standby Force
(ASF). Ethiopie is ane o a few African kintras tae hae its awn alphabet.
[17]
Ethiopie an aa haes its awn time seestem an unique calendar, seiven tae aight years ahint the Gregorian Calendar. It haes the lairgest nummer o
UNESCO
Warld Heritage Sites
in Africae.
[18]
The kintra is a land o naitural contrasts, wi spectacular
waterfalls
an volcanic het springs. Ethiopie haes some o Africae's heichest
muntains
as well as some o the warld's lawest pynts belaw sea level. The lairgest cave in Africae is locatit in Ethiopie at
Sof Omar
, an the kintra's northernmost aurie at
Dallol
is ane o the hettest places year-roond onywhaur on Yird. Thare are aathgither aroond 80 different
ethnic groups
in Ethiopie the day, wi the twa lairgest bein the
Oromo
an the
Amhara
, baith o which speak
Afro-Asiatic leids
. The kintra is an aa famous for its Olympic gowd medallists, rock-hewn kirks an as the place whaur the
coffee bean
oreeginatit. Currently, Ethiopie is the tap coffee an honey-producin kintra in Africae, an hame tae the lairgest livestock population in Africae.
Ethiopie haes close historical ties tae aw three o the warld's major
Abrahamic relegions
. It wis ane o the first Christian kintras in the warld, haein offeecially adoptit
Christianity
as the state releegion in the 4t century. It still haes a Christian majority, but a third o the population is
Muslim
. Ethiopia is the site o the first
hijra
in Islamic history an the auldest Muslim dounset in Africae at
Negash
. Until the 1980s, a substantial population o
Ethiopian Jews
residit in Ethiopie. The kintra is an aa the spiritual hameland o the
Rastafari releegious movement
, that is influenced bi
Pan-Africanism
an haes globalized Ethiopian banner tricolors wi the spread o
Reggae
muisic alangside Hip hop cultur.
Ethiopie, which haes Africae's seicont biggest hydropouer potential,
[19]
is the soorce o ower 85% o the tot Nile watter flow an contains rich soils, but it nivertheless unnerwent a series o
famines
in the 1980s, exacerbatit bi adverse
geopolitics
an ceevil wars, resultin in the daith o hunders o thoosans.
[20]
Slowly, housomivver, the kintra haes begun tae recover, an the day Ethiopia haes the biggest economy in East Africae (GDP)
[21]
as the Ethiopian economy is an aa ane o the fastest growin in the warld an it is a
regional pouerhoose
in the
Horn
an east Africae.
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
The Greek name Α?θιοπ?α, appears twice in the
Iliad
an three times in the
Odyssey
.
[26]
The Greek historian
Herodotus
specifically uises it for aw the lands sooth o Egyp,
[27]
includin Sudan an modren Ethiopie.
Α?θιοπ?α
,
Aithiopia
is frae
Α?θ?οψ
,
Aithiops
, ‘an Ethiopian’, derived in turn frae Greek wirds meanin "o burned face".
[28]
The name
Ethiopiee
an aa occurs in mony translations o the Old Testament, but the Hebrew texts hae
Kush
, which refers foremaist tae Nubie / Sudan.
[29]
In the (Greek) New Testament, houiver, the Greek term Aithiops, ‘an Ethiopian’, daes occur,
[30]
referrin tae a servant o Candace or
Kentakes
, possibly an inhabitant o
Meroe
which wis later conquered bi the
Kinrick o Axum
. The earliest attested uise o the name
Ityopya
in the region itsel is as a name for the
Kinrick o Aksum
in the 4t century, in stone inscriptions o
Keeng Ezana
,
[31]
who first Christianized the entire apparatus o the kinrick.
Pliny the Elder
[32]
says the kintra's name comes frae a personal name
Aethiops
.
The Greek name wis adoptit intae
Ge'ez
, appearin in the 15t century
Book of Aksum
as
??ty???y?
. Aethiops appears as "'
Ityopp'is
", identified as a son (unmentioned in the Bible) o
Cush, son o Ham
, who accordin tae legend foondit the ceety o
Axum
.
In Inglis, an generally ootside Ethiopiee, the kintra wis an aa ance
historically kent as
Abyssinie
, derived frae
Habesh
, an early
Arabic
form o the
Ethiosemitic
name "?aba??t" (unvocalized "?B?T"). The modren form
Habesha
is the native name for the kintra's indwallers (while the kintra haes been cried "Ityopp'ya"). In a few leids, Ethiopie is still referred tae bi names cognate wi "Abyssinie," e.g., modren Arabic
Al-?abashah
, meanin land o the Habasha fowk.
The term
Habesha
, strictly speakin, refers anerlie tae the Semitic-speakin groups, parteecularly the
Amhara
an
Tigray-Tigrinya fowk
who hae historically dominatit the kintra poleetically, as well as the Gurage an ither smawer communities lik the Harari o eastren Ethiopie. Housomeivver, in contemporary Ethiopie, the wird Habesha is whiles uised tae describe aw Ethiopians an Eritreans. Abyssinie can strictly refer tae juist the northwastren Ethiopian provinces o
Amhara
an
Tigray
, as well as central
Eritrea
, while it wis historically uised as anither name for Ethiopie.
[33]
- ↑
"Article 5"
(PDF)
.
Ethiopian Constitution
. WIPO
. Retrieved
2 Julie
2015
.
- ↑
Abegaz, Berhanu (1 Juin 2005).
"Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities"
(PDF)
. Retrieved
27 Julie
2017
.
- ↑
"World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision"
.
ESA.UN.org
(custom data acquired via website).
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
, Population Division
. Retrieved
10 September
2017
.
- ↑
"Country Level"
.
2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia
.
CSA
. 13 Julie 2010. Archived frae
the original
on 8 Februar 2019
. Retrieved
18 Januar
2013
.
- ↑
a
b
c
d
"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: Ethiopia"
.
World Economic Outlook Database
. International Monetary Fund. October 2017
. Retrieved
26 October
2017
.
- ↑
Selima., J?h?na, (2015).
Work for human development
(PDF)
. Human Development Report. United Nations Development Programme.
ISBN
9789211263985
.
OCLC
936070939
.
CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
link
)
- ↑
"2016 Human Development Report"
(PDF)
. United Nations Development Programme. 2016
. Retrieved
21 Mairch
2017
.
- ↑
"Ethiopia"
.
The World Factbook
. CIA. Archived frae
the original
on 24 December 2018
. Retrieved
11 Juin
2017
.
- ↑
"Ethiopia, Africa's second most-populous country"
. Nctimes.com. 30 Mey 2007
. Retrieved
2 Juin
2010
.
- ↑
Speakin efter his signin the disputit treaty atween Ethiopie an Italy in 1889, Emperor Menelik II made clear his position:
"We cannae permit oor integrity as a Christian an ceevilized naition tae be questioned, nor the richt tae govern oor empire in absolute unthrildom. The Emperor o Ethiopie is a descendant o a dynasty that is 3,000 year auld ? a dynasty that durin aw that time haes niver submittit tae an ootsider. Ethiopie haes niver been conquered an she niver shall be conquered bi onyane."
Ethiopia Unbound: Studies In Race Emancipation
- p. xxv by Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford
- ↑
"Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens"
.
Nature
. 16 Februar 2005.
Archived
frae the original on 15 December 2007
. Retrieved
2 Februar
2008
.
- ↑
Li, J. Z.; Absher, DM; Tang, H; Southwick, AM; Casto, AM; Ramachandran, S; Cann, HM; Barsh, GS; Feldman, M (2008).
"Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation"
.
Science
.
319
(5866): 1100?1104.
doi
:
10.1126/science.1153717
.
PMID
18292342
.
- ↑
"Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says"
. Bloomberg.com. 21 Februar 2008
. Retrieved
16 Mairch
2009
.
- ↑
By KAREN KAPLAN, Los Angeles Times (21 Februar 2008).
"Around the world from Addis Ababa"
. Startribune.com. Archived frae
the original
on 25 Februar 2008
. Retrieved
16 Mairch
2009
.
- ↑
Simon, Ben (14 Mey 2010).
"Nile Basin Commission"
. Google.com.
Archived
frae the original on 27 Mey 2010
. Retrieved
2 Juin
2010
.
- ↑
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNECA
- ↑
"the only African country with its own alphabet"
. Irinnews.org
. Retrieved
2 Juin
2010
.
- ↑
"World Heritage List ? Africa"
. UNESCO
. Retrieved
6 August
2009
.
- ↑
Davison, William (15 Julie 2010).
"Ethiopia Africa's second biggest hydropower"
. Bloomberg.com
. Retrieved
12 December
2010
.
- ↑
"History of Conflict and Conservation: 1961-1991"
. Worldwildlife.org. 12 September 1974
. Retrieved
12 December
2010
.
- ↑
"Ethiopia surpasses Kenya to become East Africa's Biggest Economy"
. Nazret.com. Archived frae
the original
on 30 Mairch 2010
. Retrieved
2 Juin
2010
.
- ↑
No Author.
"Ethiopia has fastest growing non-Oil Economy in Africa ? IMF"
. Jimmatimes.com. Archived frae
the original
on 29 Apryle 2011
. Retrieved
2 Juin
2010
.
- ↑
"Ethiopia will be 5th fastest growing economy in the world in 2010 - economist"
. Export.by. 25 November 2009. Archived frae
the original
on 13 Mey 2011
. Retrieved
2 Juin
2010
.
- ↑
Ethiopia regional powerhouse
[
deid airtin
]
- ↑
"CSIS on Ethiopia regional power"
. Csis.org. 22 Januar 2007. Archived frae
the original
on 9 Februar 2010
. Retrieved
2 Juin
2010
.
- ↑
Histories, book 2, chapters 29 and 146; book 3 chapter 17 Odyssey, book 1, lines 22-23; book 4, line 84
- ↑
Histories, II, 29-30; III, 114; IV, 197
- ↑
"Aithiops, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus"
. Perseus.tufts.edu
. Retrieved
16 Mairch
2009
.
- ↑
Cp. Ezekiel 29:10
- ↑
Acts 8:27
- ↑
Munro Hay 1991
- ↑
Nat. Hist.
6.184?187
- ↑
"Abyssinia - LoveToKnow 1911"
. 1911encyclopedia.org. 22 October 2006
. Retrieved
16 Mairch
2009
.
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