Rasa europoid?

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Reprezentan?i caracteristici rasei europoide

Rasa europoid? (numit? ?i rasa: alb? , european? sau caucazian? ) este conform teoriilor rasiale, una dintre cele 3 rase umane (celelalte 2 rase fiind rasa ecuatorial? ?i rasa asioamerican? ). Arealul ei geografic este foarte extins, fiind r?spandit? pe toate continentele, provenien?a fiind ??rile mediteraneene ale Europei ?i Anatolia (Asia Mic?). Dar aceasta este mai des intalnit? prin Europa.Locul de formare a rasei europoide este Caucaz . Rasa europoid? se intalne?te ?i in America Latin? , inclusiv printre hispanici , ale c?ror origini sunt amestecate.

Bazat intre altele ?i pe cercet?ri biogenetice ?i ereditare , s-a ajuns la concluzia c? rasele umane sunt egale intre ele, iar diferen?ele dintre oameni (de ex. cu privire la constitu?ie, fizionomie , culoarea pielii sau a p?rului ?.a.) nu sunt semnificative pentru umanitate [ necesit? citare ] . Rasa europoid? prezint? o fa?? cu tr?s?turi bine conturate, nas ingust, piele de culoare deschis? iar culoarea ochilor acestora ?i a parului poate fi de orice fel. Teoriile rasiale au fost revizuite in mod corespunz?tor, iar organiza?iile interna?ionale au adoptat norma de egalitate absolut? a oamenilor indiferent de ras?.

Un studiu genetic recent publicat in ?European Journal of Human Genetics” in revista Nature (2019) a ar?tat c? popula?iile din Asia de Vest (arabi), europeni, nord-africani, asiatici de sud (indieni) ?i unele asiatice centrale sunt strans legate intre ele. Ace?tia sunt foarte diferi?i de popula?iile din Africa Sub-Saharian? sau din cele din Asia de Est. [1]

Avand la baz? Vechiul Testament ?i Tanakhul , se consider? c? se trage din Iafet .

Popula?ii contemporane [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Desen din Cartea Por?ilor , o fresc? antic? de pe mormantul faraonului Seti I , prezentand (incepand de la stanga): libian alb , nubian , levantin , egiptean . [2]
Alegorie a patru popoare din Europa dintr-o evanghelie datand din anul 990 d.C., care prezint? dou? nuan?e de culoare ale pielii (?galben” ?i ?maro deschis”) ?i patru culori ale p?rului, maro deschis ( slavi ), blond ( germani ), negru ( galo-romani ) ?i maro intunecat ( latini romani ).

Na?iuni ?i regiuni in afara Europei cu popula?ie semnificativ? de origine european?:

Africa [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Asia [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Orientul Mijlociu [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

America de Nord [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

America Central? , Caraibe ?i America de Sud [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Germani argentinieni in Crespo (provincia argentinian? Entre Rios )

Oceania [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Vezi ?i [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Note [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

  1. ^ Pakstis, Andrew J.; Gurkan, Cemal; Dogan, Mustafa; Balkaya, Hasan Emin; Dogan, Serkan; Neophytou, Pavlos I.; Cherni, Lotfi; Boussetta, Sami; Khodjet-El-Khil, Houssein; Ben Ammar ElGaaied, Amel; Salvo, Nina Mjølsnes; Janssen, Kirstin; Olsen, Gunn-Hege; Hadi, Sibte; Almohammed, Eida Khalaf; Pereira, Vania; Truelsen, Ditte Mikkelsen; Bulbul, Ozlem; Soundararajan, Usha; Rajeevan, Haseena; Kidd, Judith R.; Kidd, Kenneth K. (2019-12), Genetic relationships of European, Mediterranean, and SW Asian populations using a panel of 55 AISNPs , 27 (12), European Journal of Human Genetics, doi : 10.1038/s41431-019-0466-6 , ISSN   1018-4813   Verifica?i datele pentru: |date= ( ajutor )
  2. ^ Biological and Ethnic Identity in New Kingdom Nubia [ nefunc?ional? ]
  3. ^ South Africa: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  4. ^ Namibia: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  5. ^ ?Reunion Island” . Arhivat din original la . Accesat in .  
  6. ^ Botswana: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  7. ^ " Ivory Coast - The Economy ". Library of Congress Country Studies .
  8. ^ Senegal , About 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese reside in Senegal, mainly in the cities.
  9. ^ Swaziland: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  10. ^ Tunisia: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  11. ^ Fiona Hill, Russia ? Coming In From the Cold? Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine ., The Globalist , 23 februarie 2004
  12. ^ " Siberian Germans ".
  13. ^ Robert Greenall, Russians left behind in Central Asia , BBC News , 23 November 2005.
  14. ^ Kyrgyzstan: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  15. ^ Turkmenistan: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  16. ^ Tajikistan - Ethnic Groups . Source: U.S. Library of Congress.
  17. ^ HK Census. " HK Census Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine .." Statistical Table. Retrieved on 2007-03-08 .
  18. ^ " Crusaders 'left genetic legacy' ". BBC News. 27 martie 2008.
  19. ^ ?Greenland” . Arhivat din original la . Accesat in .  
  20. ^ ?Canadian Census 2006” . Arhivat din original la . Accesat in .  
  21. ^ North America - Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
  22. ^ Mexico :: Ethnic groups - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  23. ^ Silva-Zolezzi, Irma; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo; Estrada-Gil, Jesus; Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos; Uribe-Figueroa, Laura; Contreras, Alejandra; Balam-Ortiz, Eros; del Bosque-Plata, Laura; Velazquez-Fernandez, David; Lara, Cesar; Goya, Rodrigo; Hernandez-Lemus, Enrique; Davila, Carlos; Barrientos, Eduardo; March, Santiago; Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo ( ), Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico , 106 (21), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, doi : 10.1073/pnas.0903045106 , ISSN   0027-8424  
  24. ^ Argentina: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  25. ^ Bahamas: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  26. ^ Barbados: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  27. ^ Bermuda: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  28. ^ Bolivia: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  29. ^ Brazil: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  30. ^ ?Chile” . Encyclopædia Britannica . Accesat in . "Chile's ethnic makeup is largely a product of Spanish colonization. About three fourths of Chileans are mestizo, a mixture of European and Amerindian ancestries. One fifth of Chileans are of white European (mainly Spanish) descent".  
  31. ^ Colombia: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  32. ^ ?Costa Rica; People; Ethnic groups” . CIA World Factbook . Arhivat din original la . Accesat in . white (including mestizo) 94%   = 3.9 million whites and mestizos
  33. ^ ?Tabla II.3 Poblacion por color de la piel y grupos de edades, segun zona de residencia y sexo” . Censo de Poblacion y Viviendas (in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas. . Accesat in .  
  34. ^ Dominican Republic: People: Ethnic groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  35. ^ ?Ecuador: People; Ethnic groups” . CIA World Factbook . Arhivat din original la . Accesat in .  
  36. ^ El Salvador: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  37. ^ French Guiana: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  38. ^ Martinique: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  39. ^ ?Nicaragua: People; Ethnic groups” . CIA World Factbook . Arhivat din original la . Accesat in .  
  40. ^ ?Panama; People; Ethnic groups” . CIA World Factbook . Arhivat din original la . Accesat in .  
  41. ^ Puerto Rico: People: Ethnic Groups Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  42. ^ Peru: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  43. ^ Trinidad French Creole
  44. ^ Uruguay: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  45. ^ Fact Sheet on St. Barthelemy
  46. ^ French Polynesia: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA
  47. ^ Brazil: People: Ethnic Groups. Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . World Factbook of CIA

Leg?turi externe [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Bibliografie [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

  • Allen, Theodore, The Invention of the White Race , 2 vols. (London: Verso, 1994)
  • Bruce David Baum, The rise and fall of the Caucasian race: a political history of racial identity , NYU Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8147-9892-8 .
  • Bonnett, Alastair White Identities: Historical and International Perspectives (Harlow, Pearson, 2000)
  • Brodkin, Karen, How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America , Rutgers, 1999, ISBN 0-8135-2590-X .
  • Foley, Neil, The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997)
  • Gossett, Thomas F., Race: The History of an Idea in America, New ed. (New York: Oxford University, 1997)
  • Guglielmo, Thomas A., White on Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Power in Chicago , 1890?1945, 2003, ISBN 0-19-515543-2
  • Hannaford, Ivan, Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996)
  • Ignatiev, Noel, How the Irish Became White , Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0-415-91825-1 .
  • Jackson, F. L. C. (2004). Book chapter: Human genetic variation and health: new assessment approaches based on ethnogenetic layering Arhivat in , la Wayback Machine . British Medical Bulletin 2004; 69: 215?235 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldh012. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
  • Jacobson, Matthew Frye, Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race , Harvard, 1999, ISBN 0-674-95191-3 .
  • Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). The Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story . Constable and Robinson Ltd., London. ISBN 978-1-84529-185-7 .
  • Rosenberg NA, Mahajan S, Ramachandran S, Zhao C, Pritchard JK, et al. (2005) Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure. PLoS Genet 1(6): e70 doi : 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010070
  • Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, et al. (2002) Genetic structure of human populations. Science 298: 2381?2385. Abstract
  • Segal, Daniel A., review of Racial Situations: Class Predicaments of Whiteness in Detroit [ nefunc?ional? ] . American Ethnologist , mai 2002, Vol. 29, Nr. 2, pp. 470?473 doi:10.1525/ae.2002.29.2.470
  • Smedley, Audrey, Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview, 2nd ed. (Boulder: Westview, 1999).
  • Tang, Hua., Tom Quertermous, Beatriz Rodriguez, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Xiaofeng Zhu, Andrew Brown,7 James S. Pankow,8 Michael A. Province,9 Steven C. Hunt, Eric Boerwinkle, Nicholas J. Schork, and Neil J. Risch (2005) Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76: 268?275.


v   ?   d   ?   m
Rase umane
Rase principale
Europoid? (rasa alb?)  • Mongoloid? (rasa galben?)  • Negroid? (rasa neagr?)
Reprezentanţi ale diferitelor rase umane
Descenden?i
Forme intermediare
Adus de la https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rasa_europoid?&oldid=16279278