??????????????

????????????? ???????????
????????????? ??
??????????????
(Chi?n tranh Vi?t Nam)
???????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ? ????????????????
???????????????? ????????????? :
U.S. combat operations in Ia Drang, ARVN Rangers defending Saigon during the 1968 Tet Offensive, two Douglas A-4C Skyhawks en route for airstrikes against North Vietnam after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, ARVN recapture Qu?ng Tr? during the 1972 Easter Offensive, civilians fleeing the 1972 Battle of Qu?ng Tr?, burial of 300 victims of the 1968 Hu? Massacre.
?????? ? ???????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????  ( ????-??-?? )
(?? ????? ? ?? ??????????? ? ???????????)
???? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????
????

?????????????? ???????

  • ?????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????
  • ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ????????
  • ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????
????????
???????????????? 		?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????
??????????????? ???????????

?????????????????? ???????????:
  ?????????????
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ???????????????????
  ??????????????
  ??????
  ????????
  ?????????
  ???
  ?????
  ??????????

?????????????:
  ???????? [?]
ကနေဒါနိုင်ငံ Canada [?]
  ??????????????????? [?]
  ?????????????????? [?]
အီရန်နိုင်ငံ Iran [?]
စပိန်နိုင်ငံ Spain [?]
  ???????? [?] [?]

?????????????????:
  ??????????????
  ?????
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam ???????????
ကမ္ဘောဒီးယားနိုင်ငံ Khmer Rouge
လာအိုနိုင်ငံ Pathet Lao

??????????????:
  ??????????????
  ???????????????
  ??????? [?] [?]
  ???????????????????? [?] [?]
ဘူဂေးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ Bulgaria [?]
  ??????????? [?]
ရိုမေးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ Romania
???????????????? ???????????????
တောင်ဗီယက်နမ် Ngo đinh Di?m
တောင်ဗီယက်နမ် Nguy?n V?n Thi?u
တောင်ဗီယက်နမ် Nguy?n Cao K?
တောင်ဗီယက်နမ် Cao V?n Vien
တောင်ဗီယက်နမ် Ngo Quang Tr??ng
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ????? ????? ?????
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ?????? ?? ????????
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ??????? ???????
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ?????? ?????????
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ????? ?????????????
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု Creighton Abrams
အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု ???????? ?? ??????
ကိုရီးယားသမ္မတနိုင်ငံ ???????????
ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံ ??????? ??????????????
ဩစတြေးလျနိုင်ငံ ?????? ?????????
ဩစတြေးလျနိုင်ငံ ?????? ????
ဩစတြေးလျနိုင်ငံ ????? ????????
ဩစတြေးလျနိုင်ငံ ????? ???????
ဩစတြေးလျနိုင်ငံ ????? ?????????
ဖိလစ်ပိုင်နိုင်ငံ ????????? ????????
နယူးဇီလန်နိုင်ငံ ???? ?????????
နယူးဇီလန်နိုင်ငံ ???? ??????
နယူးဇီလန်နိုင်ငံ ??????? ???
… ????? ????????? 		မြောက်ဗီယက်နမ် ??????????
မြောက်ဗီယက်နမ် Le Du?n
မြောက်ဗီယက်နမ် ??????????
မြောက်ဗီယက်နမ် V?n Ti?n D?ng
မြောက်ဗီယက်နမ် Le Tr?ng T?n
မြောက်ဗီယက်နမ် Ph?m V?n đ?ng
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam Hoang V?n Thai
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam Tr?n V?n Tra
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam Nguy?n V?n Linh
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam Nguy?n H?u Th?
… ????? ?????????
?????????

??,???,??? (????)
  South Vietnam: ???,??? (????)
?,???,??? (???????) [??]
  United States: ???,??? (????)
Free World Military Forces : [??] [??]

  •   South Korea: ??,???
  •   Thailand: ??,???
  •   Australia: ?,???
  •   Philippines: ?,???
  •   New Zealand: ??? [??]
  • စပိန်နိုင်ငံ Spain 30

????,???
  North Vietnam: ???,??? (???????? ????) [??]
  China: ???,??? (???????) [??] [??]
[??]
  Soviet Union: ?,???

  North Korea: ???????
??????????

  South Vietnam
??????? ???,???????,??? ?????? [??] [??]
???,???????,??? ?????? ?????? [??]
?,???,??? ?????? [??]
  United States
??,??? ??????? [??] ???,??? ??????
  South Korea
?,??? ??????? ??,??? ??????? ? ?? ??????????
  Australia
??? ??????? ?,??? ??????
[??]
  New Zealand
?? ??????? ??? ??????
[??]
  Thailand
??? ??????? ?,??? ?????? [??]
  Philippines
? ????????? [??] ?? ?????? [??]

?????????? ??????: ???,???????,???
?????????? ??????: ??,???,???+ [??]

??????????????????? ???????????
??,??? [??] ??????? ??????
???,??? [??] ??,???,??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????
???,???+ ?????? [??]
  China
??,??? ??????????? ?,??? ?????? [??]
  Soviet Union
?? ???????? [??]
  North Korea
?? ???????? [??]

?????????? ??????: ???,?????,???,???
?????????? ??????: ????,???

???????? ??????? ?????? : ???,?????,???,??? [??] [??] [??]
???????????? ???????????? ?????? : ???,???????,???*
????? ???????????? ?????? : ??,???????,???*
?????????? ??????? ??????: ???,?????,???,???
?????????? ?????? : ?,???,?????,???,??? ?????? ??????????

* ????????????
???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????

?????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (?????????????? ????????) ??? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????

???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ? ? ??????????????? ???? ???? ???????? ? ? ????? ????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? "??? ?????????????" (Tet Offensive) ?? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????????????? (Vietnamization) ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????

????????????? ????????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????-???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??,??? ???? ???????????? ??????????????

?????????????? [ ?????????? ]

???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????? Khang chi?n ch?ng M? (?????????????????????????????) ??????????????? Chi?n tranh Vi?t Nam (??????????????) ????????????????????

?????????????????????? [ ?????????? ]

???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? Army of Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) ???????????????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????????? People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) ??????????????? ???????? (??????????????) ????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? (???????????)??????????????

???????? ??????? (???????????????????)? ?????? ??????????????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????? (Ho Chi Minh) ?????????? ??????????????????? (Viet Minh)??????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????(??????????????????) ????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????(Democratic Republic of Vietnam) ??? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????(State of Vietnam)??? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????

??????????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????(Military Assistance and Advisory Group, MAAG) ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????

?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? “?????????”?????????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????

??????????????? [ ?????????? ]

?????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?? ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????

???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???,?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????? ?,??? ?? ??,??? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??,??? ???? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????

???? ???????? ???? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??,??? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??,??? ??????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????

??????????? ????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????(?????????? ????????????? ??????????)??? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????  ??????????? “???????????????”?????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? (United Nations) ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? “ ????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????" ?? ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???????????????? “????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????” ?? ???? ?????????? ???????????????????????  

???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? “?????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????” ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????

?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????????????????

?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? (Republic of Vietnam, ROV) ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????????? ?????????????????

???????? ????-?? [ ?????????? ]

????????????????? ??? ???????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ? “??????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????” ?? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????? “?????????????? ???????????????” ?????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??,??? ???? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??,??? ???? ???????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????

??????????????? ?????????? ????-?? [ ?????????? ]

???? ????? ???? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? ????????? ??/?? ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????

???? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????(??????????????????????? ???????) ????????????????????? ????????? “???????????????????????”????????? ???????????(??????????????? ??????????)????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??????(Memot)????????? ??????????????? COSVN (Central Office for South Vietnam? ??????????????????????)?? ???????????????????? ???????????????? “???????? ????????????????  ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????” ????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????

????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????(?????????????)????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? “???????????????????????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????” ??? ???????????????????

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  1. ↑ ?.? ?.? ?.? ?.? ?.? ?.? ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM ? 24 September 2011 ???? ????????????
  2. ↑ Chapter Three: 1957-1969 Early Relations between Malaysia and Vietnam (PDF)? University of Malaya Student Repository? 17 October 2015 ???? ????????????
  3. ↑ Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers) (PDF)? Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia) (2008)? 16 October 2015 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 17 October 2015 ???? ???????????? “The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint.”
  4. ↑ The Cuban Military Under Castro , 1989. Page 76
  5. ↑ Cuba in the World, 1979. Page 66
  6. ↑ Cesky a slovensky svet ? Svet.czsk.net? 24 February 2014 ???? ????????????
  7. ↑ Bilateralni vztahy ?eske republiky a Vietnamske socialisticke republiky | Mezinarodni vztahy | e-Polis ? Internetovy politologicky ?asopis ? E-polis.cz? 24 February 2014 ???? ????????????
  8. ↑ Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s ? Library of Congress (1992)? “Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Bulgaria gave official military support to many national liberation causes, most notably in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, (North Vietnam)…”
  9. ↑ Project MUSE - Sailing in the Shadow of the Vietnam War: The GDR Government and the "Vietnam Bonus" of the Early 1970s ?
  10. ↑ Le Gro, p. 28.
  11. ↑ Vietnam War : US Troop Strength ? Historycentral.com? 17 October 2009 ???? ????????????
  12. ↑ Facts about the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Collection ? nps.gov? (citing The first American ground combat troops landed in South Vietnam during March 1965, specifically the U.S. Third Marine Regiment, Third Marine Division, deployed to Vietnam from Okinawa to defend the Da Nang, Vietnam, airfield. During the height of U.S. military involvement, 31 December 1968, the breakdown of allied forces were as follows: 536,100 U.S. military personnel, with 30,610 U.S. military having been killed to date; 65,000 Free World Forces personnel; 820,000 South Vietnam Armed Forces (SVNAF) with 88,343 having been killed to date. At the war's end, there were approximately 2,200 U.S. missing in action (MIA) and prisoners of war (POW). Source: Harry G. Summers Jr. Vietnam War Almanac, Facts on File Publishing, 1985.)
  13. ↑ The A to Z of the Vietnam War ? The Scarecrow Press? 2005?
  14. ↑ Vietnam War After Action Reports, BACM Research, 2009, page 430
  15. ↑ " China admits 320,000 troops fought in Vietnam "? 16 May 1989 ? 24 December 2013 ???? ??????????? ?  
  16. ↑ Roy? Denny (1998)? China's Foreign Relations ? Rowman & Littlefield? p.  27 ? ISBN   978-0847690138 ?
  17. ↑ ??.? ??.? China and Vietnam ?
  18. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? Lewy 1978 , pp. 450?3.
  19. ↑ Thayer 1985 , chap. 12.
  20. ↑ Rummel? R.J (1997)? "Table 6.1A. Vietnam Democide : Estimates, Sources, and Calculations," (GIF) ? Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War, University of Hawaii System |work= ??? ??????????? ( ?????? )
  21. ↑ ??.? ??.? Tucker, Spencer E. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-961-1
  22. ↑ Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund - News ? 10 April 2016 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 28 March 2016 ???? ????????????
  23. ↑ Australian casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962?72 | Australian War Memorial ? Awm.gov.au? 16 May 2013 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 29 June 2013 ???? ????????????
  24. ↑ Overview of the war in Vietnam | VietnamWar.govt.nz, New Zealand and the Vietnam War ? Vietnamwar.govt.nz (16 July 1965)? 26 July 2013 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 29 June 2013 ???? ????????????
  25. ↑ The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History By Spencer C. Tucker " https://books.google.com/?id=qh5lffww-KsC "
  26. ↑ Chapter III: The Philippines ? History.army.mil? 2 August 2016 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 24 February 2014 ???? ????????????
  27. ↑ Asian Allies in Vietnam ? Embassy of South Vietnam (March 1970)? 18 October 2015 ???? ????????????
  28. ↑ Soames, John. A History of the World , Routledge, 2005.
  29. ↑ Dunnigan, James & Nofi, Albert: Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You're Not Supposed to Know . St. Martin's Press, 2000, p. 284. ISBN 0-312-25282-X .
  30. ↑ North Korea fought in Vietnam War ? BBC News (31 March 2000)? 18 October 2015 ???? ????????????
  31. ↑ Shenon? Philip? " 20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate "? 23 April 1995 ? 24 February 2011 ???? ??????????? ?   The Vietnamese government officially claimed a rough estimate of 2 million civilian deaths, but it did not divide these deaths between those of North and South Vietnam.
  32. ↑ " fifty years of violent war deaths: data analysis from the world health survey program: BMJ "? 23 April 2008 ? 5 January 2013 ???? ??????????? ?   From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths … 3.8 million in Vietnam
" https://my.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??????????????&oldid=827032 " ?? ??????