Arbutus unedo

Arbutus unedo
	Buah Arbutus unedo
Status pemuliharaan
	; Kurang membimbangkan ( IUCN 3.1 )
Pengelasan saintifik
Alam:	Plantae
(tanpa pangkat):	Angiospermae
(tanpa pangkat):	Eudikotil
(tanpa pangkat):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Keluarga:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Arbutus
Spesies:	unedo
	Taburan, penjelasan: ; asli ? terasingan ▲ diperkenalkan manusia
Sinonim
	Synonymy Unedo edulis Hoffmanns. ; Arbutus vulgaris Bubani ; Arbutus cassinifolia Steud. ; Arbutus crispa Hoffmanns. ; Arbutus croomii auct. ; Arbutus integrifolia Sims ; Arbutus intermedia Heldr. ex Nyman ; Arbutus laurifolia L.f. ; Arbutus microphylla auct. ; Arbutus nothocomaros Heldr. ex Nyman ; Arbutus procumbens Kluk ex Besser ; Arbutus salicifolia (Lodd.) Cels ex Hoffmanns. ; Arbutus serratifolia Salisb. ; Arbutus turbinata Pers. ex Rchb. ;

Arbutus unedo adalah pokok renek malar hijau dalam keluarga Ericaceae yang berasal dari wilayah Mediterranean dari Portugal , Sepanyol dan Perancis tenggara Eropah ke selatan di Algeria , Maghribi , Libya , dan Tunisia benua Afrika hinggalah ke timur di Itali , Slovenia dan kawasan Balkan serta Turki , Lubnan dan Syria di Timur Tengah . ^[2]

Botani [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

Buahnya berupa beri dimensi 1-2 sm diameter yang berwarna kemerah-merahan serta mempunyai rasa manis apabila masak (kira-kira 12 bulan sehingga musim luruh). Bentuk buah pokok ini juga diamati masyarakat setempat hampir menyerupai strawberi sehingga adakala memberi nama "pokok strawberi" ( bahasa Inggeris : strawberry tree code: en is deprecated , Jerman : Erdbeerbaum code: de is deprecated , Perancis : arbre a fraises code: fr is deprecated ) ^[3]^[4]^[5] tetapi sedikit membulat dengan kulit bertonjolan kasar apabila diperhatikan dekat. ^[3]

Kegunaan [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

Buah spesies mempunyai kandungan gula relatif tinggi (40%) lagi-lagi apabila ia terlebih matang yang merupakan tahap paling digemari makan; namun ia senang lembik atau mereput sehingga sukar diangkut secara segar. ^[6] Oleh itu, buah ini banyak digunakan untuk membuat lepa dan jem , yogurt dan minuman keras . ^[7]^[8] Abu Zakaria ibn al-'Awwam menulis dalam Kitab Pertanian nya bahawa pokok buah ini (nama Arab : ?????? , rumi: qu?lub code: ar is deprecated ) banyak ditanam di kebun-kebun serata kerajaan Andalusiah . ^[9]

Buah ini turut mempunyai kandungan tanin yang berkurangan apabila ia semakin masak. ^[6] Selain semua ini juga, buah ini mengandungi vitamin antioksidan seperti vitamin C , beta-karoten , niasin , tokoferol, dan asid organik pendahulu kepada asid lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 (hampir 9%). ^[10]^[11]

Rujukan [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

^ Khela, S. & Rivers, M.C. (2017). " Arbutus unedo " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . IUCN . 2017 : e.T202930A68076133. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T202930A68076133.en .
^ " Arbutus unedo " . Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN) . Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat . Dicapai pada 11 Disember 2017 .
^ ^a ^b Rydelek, Jared (2014). "Strawberry Tree Fruit" . Atlas Obscura . Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021 .
^ "Arbutus unedo | strawberry tree" . RHS Gardening (dalam bahasa Inggeris). The Royal Horticultural Society . Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021 .
^ "Arbutus unedo" . Plant Finder . Missouri Botanical Garden . Dicapai pada 23 July 2021 .
^ ^a ^b Molina, M.; Pardo-De-Santayana, M.; Aceituno, L.; Morales, R.; Tardio, J. (1 Oktober 2011). "Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests" . Forestry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 84 (4): 419?429. doi : 10.1093/forestry/cpr031 . ISSN 0015-752X . Many frugivorous birds and several mammals feed on its fleshy fruits
^ Bonet, M. Angels; Valles, Joan (2002). "Use of non-crop food vascular plants in Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition . 53 (3): 225?248. doi : 10.1080/09637480220132841 . ISSN 0963-7486 . PMID 11951586 .
^ M.L.C.M.M.Alarcao-E-Silva; A.E.B.Leitao; H.G.Azinheira; M.C.A.Leitao (February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 14 : 27?35. doi : 10.1006/jfca.2000.0962 .
^ Clark, Emma (2004). The Art of the Islamic Garden . m/s. 126. ISBN 9781847972040 .
^ Alarcao-E-Silva, M. L. C. M. M.; Leitao, A. E. B.; Azinheira, H. G.; Leitao, M. C. A. (1 February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis . 14 (1): 27?35. doi : 10.1006/jfca.2000.0962 . Arbutus berry appears to be a good source of vitamins, namely niacin, ascorbic acid and β -carotene (content of 9.1, 346.3 and 70.9 mg/100 g, respectively), organic acids (nearly 9%), total sugars (c. 42%) and tannins (1.75 mg g?1).
^ Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Morais, Jorge Sa; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. (1 May 2010). "Strawberry-tree, blackthorn and rose fruits: Detailed characterisation in nutrients and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties". Food Chemistry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 120 (1): 247?254. doi : 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.016 . The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) and carotenoids [..] The combination of bioactive compounds and rich nutritional composition (high contents in carbohydrates, low contents in fat with the precious contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids, precursors of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) of the studied wild fruits make them a very special food.

Pautan luar [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

Arbutus unedo ? Calphotos, Universiti California

[IUCN-1] Khela, S. & Rivers, M.C. (2017). " Arbutus unedo " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . IUCN . 2017 : e.T202930A68076133. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T202930A68076133.en .

[2] " Arbutus unedo " . Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN) . Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat . Dicapai pada 11 Disember 2017 .

[Rydelek-3] Rydelek, Jared (2014). "Strawberry Tree Fruit" . Atlas Obscura . Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021 .

[4] "Arbutus unedo | strawberry tree" . RHS Gardening (dalam bahasa Inggeris). The Royal Horticultural Society . Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021 .

[5] "Arbutus unedo" . Plant Finder . Missouri Botanical Garden . Dicapai pada 23 July 2021 .

[:0-6] Molina, M.; Pardo-De-Santayana, M.; Aceituno, L.; Morales, R.; Tardio, J. (1 Oktober 2011). "Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests" . Forestry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 84 (4): 419?429. doi : 10.1093/forestry/cpr031 . ISSN 0015-752X . Many frugivorous birds and several mammals feed on its fleshy fruits

[7] Bonet, M. Angels; Valles, Joan (2002). "Use of non-crop food vascular plants in Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition . 53 (3): 225?248. doi : 10.1080/09637480220132841 . ISSN 0963-7486 . PMID 11951586 .

[8] M.L.C.M.M.Alarcao-E-Silva; A.E.B.Leitao; H.G.Azinheira; M.C.A.Leitao (February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 14 : 27?35. doi : 10.1006/jfca.2000.0962 .

[9] Clark, Emma (2004). The Art of the Islamic Garden . m/s. 126. ISBN 9781847972040 .

[10] Alarcao-E-Silva, M. L. C. M. M.; Leitao, A. E. B.; Azinheira, H. G.; Leitao, M. C. A. (1 February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis . 14 (1): 27?35. doi : 10.1006/jfca.2000.0962 . Arbutus berry appears to be a good source of vitamins, namely niacin, ascorbic acid and β -carotene (content of 9.1, 346.3 and 70.9 mg/100 g, respectively), organic acids (nearly 9%), total sugars (c. 42%) and tannins (1.75 mg g?1).

[11] Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Morais, Jorge Sa; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. (1 May 2010). "Strawberry-tree, blackthorn and rose fruits: Detailed characterisation in nutrients and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties". Food Chemistry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 120 (1): 247?254. doi : 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.016 . The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) and carotenoids [..] The combination of bioactive compounds and rich nutritional composition (high contents in carbohydrates, low contents in fat with the precious contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids, precursors of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) of the studied wild fruits make them a very special food.

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