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????????? ? ????????? ? Ahl al-Bayt ? Sahabah ? Imamate ? Caliphate ? Spread of Islam Succession to Muhammad

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??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ”???????” ? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???-??????? ?????????????? [is?l?ːm] el. [?isl?m]) ????????????? ＂?????????? ???＂??? ?????????????? sallama/yusallimu ????? aslama/yuslimu  ??????? ??? ????????????? ＂???????????????? ??????＂???????????????????? ＂???????????????? ?????? ????????????????＂??? ???????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ???? (salama) ??? ???????????? ＂??????? ???????????＂???

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??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? (Muhammed ibn Abdullah) (????? ???-???) ???????????? ???-??? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? (??) ??????????? ??????????????? ^[?] ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????????? (??) ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? (Hira) ?????????? ?????????????? (Mekka) ????????????? ??????(Arabian Peninsula)???

 

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?????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????????? (????????? khal?fah) ???? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????? (ar-R?shid?n) ????????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? (Byzantine Empire) ???????? ??????????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ?????? (Umayyad Caliphate)??? ???????????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? (Iberian Peninsula)??? ??????? ???? ??????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? (Abbasid Caliphate) (???-????) ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? (Bagdad) ???????? ????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? (Ottoman Empire) ?????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????????

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1. ↑ Muhammedanisme, og afledt heraf betegnelser som ’muhammedaner’, er en ukorrekt betegnelse for Muhammed og islam, idet Muhammed ikke dyrkes eller tilskrives andre former for guddommelighed. I Koranen omtales han som et almindeligt menneske som forkynder af den guddommelige abenbaring, hvor Gud er i centrum og hengivelse alene tilhører Gud (jf. 6:48 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ). Muhammed er Guds talerør og star dermed som garant for den abenbaring, skriftet Koranen indeholder; herfra opstod den tanke antagelig, at han tillige var bogens forfatter.
2. ↑ Simonsen, Jørgen Bæk (2001). Politikens Islamleksikon. Politikens Forlag. ISBN 87-567-6565-7 .
3. ↑ Stefansson, Finn og Sørensen, Asger, red. (1998). Gyldendals Religionsleksikon
4. ↑ Koranen 2:285 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine .
5. ↑ Koranen 2:3 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine .
6. ↑ Koranen 60:6 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine .
7. ↑ Butler, Jean og Hoffmann, Thomas, red. (2008). Gads leksikon om islam. Gads Forlag. ISBN 978-87-12-04303-4 .
8. ↑ Islamisk Studiebogssamling - Vantro. Hentet den 28. februar 2016.
9. ↑ Koranen 2:123, 6:164 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine
10. ↑ Koranen [?] Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine
11. ↑ Koranen 6:101 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine - 102 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 7:54 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 13:16 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 20:50 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 25:2 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 32:7 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 36:36 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 39:62 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 40:62 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 43:12 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 51:49 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine og 54:49 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine .
12. ↑ Koranen 2:20 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 29 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 255 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine .
13. ↑ Koranen 36:82 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine .
14. ↑ Koranen 2:164 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 3:190 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine - 191 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 6:1 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 73 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 79 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 7:54 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 185 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 9:36 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 10:3 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 5 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine - 6 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 11:7 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 14:19 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 32 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 15:85 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 16:3 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 17:99 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 18:51 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 20:4 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 21:16 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 33 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 23:17 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 25:59 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 61 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine - 62 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 27:60 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 29:44 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 61 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 30:8 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 22 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 31:25 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 32:4 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 34:7 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 35:11 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 36:81 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 38:27 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 39:5 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 38 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 40:57 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 41:9 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine - 12 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 37 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 42:29 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 43:9 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 87 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 44:38 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine - 39 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 45:22 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 46:3 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine , 33 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 50:38 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 52:36 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 57:4 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 64:3 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 65:12 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 67:3 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine og 71:15 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine . Jf. skabelsen af jorden pa to dage 41:9 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine - 12 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine og pa seks dage 7:54 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 10:3 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 11:7 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 25:59 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 32:4 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine ; 50:39 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine og 57:4 Archived ????-??-?? at the Wayback Machine .
15. ↑ Hallback, Geert og Jensen, Hans Jørgen Lundager 2008 , → Islam og Bibelen