????? ?????????

Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Иосиф Сталин ; ????? ??????? ;
	Stalin at the Tehran Conference , 1943
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
	?????? ; 3 April 1922 ? 16 October 1952
???????	Vyacheslav Molotov (as Responsible Secretary)
???????	Nikita Khrushchev (as First Secretary)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
	?????? ; 6 May 1941 ? 5 March 1953
???????	Vyacheslav Molotov
???????	Georgy Malenkov
Minister of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union
	?????? ; 19 July 1941 ? 3 March 1947
Premier	Himself
???????	Semyon Timoshenko
???????	Nikolai Bulganin
People's Commissar for Nationalities of the Russian SFSR
	?????? ; 8 November 1917 ? 7 July 1923
Premier	Vladimir Lenin
???????	Office established
???????	Office abolished
????????? ????????
????	Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili ; 18 December [ O.S. 6 December] 1878 ; Gori , Tiflis Governorate , Russian Empire
????	5 ??????? 1953 (?????? 74) ; Moscow, Russian SFSR , Soviet Union
?????????????	Lenin's Mausoleum , Moscow (1953 ????:Nbnd 1961) ; Kremlin Wall Necropolis , Moscow (since 1961) ;
????????? ?????	CPSU (from 1912)
????? ????????? ; ???????	RSDLP (1898 ????:Nbnd 1912; Bolshevik faction from 1903) ;
?????????	; Ekaterine Svanidze ( m. 1906; died 1907) ; Nadezhda Alliluyeva ( m. 1919; died 1932)
????????	Yakov Dzhugashvili ; Konstantin Kuzakov ; Alexander Davydov ; Vasily Stalin ; Svetlana Alliluyeva ; Artyom Sergeyev (adopted) ;
????????????s	Besarion Jughashvili ; Ekaterine Geladze ;
????????????	Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary
????????	Full list
?????
Nicknames	Koba ; Soso ;
Military service
Allegiance	Soviet Russia ; Soviet Union ;
Branch/service	Red Army ; Soviet Armed Forces ;
Years of service	1918?1920 ; 1941?1953 ;
Rank	Generalissimus (from 1945)
Commands	Soviet Armed Forces (from 1941)
Battles/wars	Russian Civil War Polish?Soviet War ; ; Winter War ; World War II ;
	Joseph Stalin's voice Announcement of German capitulation ; Recorded May 1945 ? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????????????.
	Joseph Stalin's voice Announcement of German capitulation ; Recorded May 1945 ? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????????????.
	Central institution membership 1917?1953: Full member, 6th ? 18th Politburo and 19th Presidium of CPSU ; 1922?1953: Full member, 11th ? 19th Secretariat of CPSU ; 1920?1952: Full member, 9th ? 18th Orgburo of CPSU ; 1912?1953: Full member, 5th ? 19th Central Committee of CPSU ; 1918?1919: Full member, 2nd Central Committee of CP(b)U ; Other offices held 1917?1918: Member of the Russian Constituent Assembly for Petrograd Metropolis ; 1919?1920: People's Commissar for State Control of the Russian SFSR ; 1920?1922: People's Commissar for Workers' and Peasants' Inspection of the Russian SFSR ; 1941?1945: Chairman, State Defense Committee ;
	Leader of the Soviet Union ← Lenin ; Malenkov → ;

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin

?????? ??????????????? ????????? (18 ?????? 1878 ? 5 ??????? 1953) ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? 1920-? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????????, 1922 ???? 1952 ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????. ????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????.

????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????. ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????????.

????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????????. 1930????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???? (??? ??????????) ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????????. ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????.

???????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????????? (1939?1945) ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????. ? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????.
??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? 1978? ??????????????? ???????. ? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ Montefiore 2007 , ???????. 365?366.
↑ Montefiore 2007 , ????. 366.

?????????? [ ????????? ]

↑ The office of General Secretary was abolished in 1952, but Stalin continued to exercise its powers as the highest-ranking member of the party Secretariat .
↑ Before 1946, the title of the office was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars .
↑ Before 1946, the title of the office was People's Commissar for Defense, and briefly People's Commissar for the Armed Forces.
↑ Stalin's original Georgian name was Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili ( Georgian : ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ). The Russian equivalent of this is Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili ( Иосиф Виссарионович Джугашвили; pre-1918 : ?осифъ Виссар?оновичъ Джугашвили ). During his years as a revolutionary, he adopted the alias "Stalin", and after the October Revolution he made it his legal name.
↑ 21 December [ O.S. 9 December] 1879 (Soviet records)
↑ While forced to give up control of the Secretariat almost immediately after succeeding Stalin as the body's de facto head, Malenkov was still recognised as " first among equals " within the regime for over a year. As late as March 1954, he remained listed as first in the Soviet leadership and continued to chair meetings of the Politburo .

???????????? ?????: <ref> ???????? "lower-alpha" ???????? ?????, ????? ??????????? <references group="lower-alpha"/> ?????? ????????????????

[FOOTNOTEMontefiore2007365–366-7] Montefiore 2007 , ???????. 365?366.

[FOOTNOTEMontefiore2007366-8] Montefiore 2007 , ????. 366.

[1] The office of General Secretary was abolished in 1952, but Stalin continued to exercise its powers as the highest-ranking member of the party Secretariat .

[2] Before 1946, the title of the office was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars .

[3] Before 1946, the title of the office was People's Commissar for Defense, and briefly People's Commissar for the Armed Forces.

[birth_name-4] Stalin's original Georgian name was Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili ( Georgian : ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ). The Russian equivalent of this is Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili ( Иосиф Виссарионович Джугашвили; pre-1918 : ?осифъ Виссар?оновичъ Джугашвили ). During his years as a revolutionary, he adopted the alias "Stalin", and after the October Revolution he made it his legal name.

[5] 21 December [ O.S. 9 December] 1879 (Soviet records)

[9] While forced to give up control of the Secretariat almost immediately after succeeding Stalin as the body's de facto head, Malenkov was still recognised as " first among equals " within the regime for over a year. As late as March 1954, he remained listed as first in the Soviet leadership and continued to chair meetings of the Politburo .

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