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https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

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1,76,220??.??.²

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1828

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.uy

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598

?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ( ???????? : Uruguay, ???????? : La Republica Oriental del Uruguay). 3.46 ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????. ?????? ??????? ?????? , ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? , ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????.

???????????? [ ????????? ]

????????? [ ????????? ]

??????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????. ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????. ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? 500 ?????? ???? ?????????????. ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????????. ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ???????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????. ??????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ^[1]

????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????. ???????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???. ????, ??????? , ??????? ????? ????? ????????????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????. ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????. ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ? ???? ????????????????? ???????????????. 176 ?????????? ?????????? 40 ?????????? ????????? ???????????????????? ? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ^[2]

???????? [ ????????? ]

??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????????? . ??????????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????????? ????????. ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????????. ? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??,, ??????, ?????????, ???????, ???????????, ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????? ?????????????. ??????????? ???????????????????? ??????????, ??????, ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????. ??? , ???????, ???, ?????, ?????????, ????? , ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????????. ^[3]

????????? [ ????????? ]

?????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ???????? ?????????? , ??? , ??????? (otter), ??????? , ??????????? , ???????????, ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????. ????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????. ??????? , ????? , ????? , ????????????, ?????? , ????????? , ??????? , ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ????????? ????????????. ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????. ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???? (Vibora de la cruz) ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????. ^[4]

???????? [ ????????? ]

???????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????????????. ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????. ?????? , ??????????, ???????, ????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????. ?? ???????????? ?????????????. ^[5]

?????? [ ????????? ]

???????? ?????????? ?????????????. ??????? , ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? 19-?? 20-?? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ???. ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????. ?????????? ????????-?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????????.

???????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? . ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???. ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????.

2011-?? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? 3,300,000 ???. ^[6] ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????. ?????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????????? ?????? ?????????? 1963-? 0.7% ?????????. 1972-?? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ???? 1.4% ????????????????. ?????????????????? ?????? ???? 2.8% ???. ???????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????????????.

1963-? ????????? 81 ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????????. ?????????, ??????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????. ???????????? ???????? ???????, ????????, ????????? ???????, ?????, ??? ????????, ?????????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????.

??????? [ ????????? ]

???????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????? 1680-???? ??????????????? ???????. ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????????????????. ^[7]

???????????????? [ ????????? ]

??????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????. ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????. 1820 ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????. 1825-? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????. ^[8] 1828-?? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????. 1828 ???????? 27-?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????????. ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ????????????????????????. 1829 ?????????? 10-?? ??????? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????????. ????? ?????? 1830-? ?????? ?????. ^[9]

1830-?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????. ???????????????? ??????????, ?????????, ??? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????????. ???????, ????????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????????????????. ????????????????? ?????????????? ???????. ???????????? ???????? ???????????????????. ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????.

1830 ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????. ???????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????. ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????.

??????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????????????????? ????????.1936 ?????????? 19-?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????. ???????????? ?????????? (??????????) ?????? ????????? (??????? ??????) ?????? ???????????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???? ??????????????? ????????????????. ^[10]

?????????? ????? [ ????????? ]

????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ???? ??????????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ????? ??????????????????. ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????. ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????. ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????????. ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????. ^[11]

??????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????????. ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????. ^[12]

??????? [ ????????? ]

??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????. ????????? ????? 1885-? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? 1915 ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? - ??????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? 1903-? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ???????.

????????????????????? [ ????????? ]

1856 ???? 1958 ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????. 1958 ???? 1966 ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????. ?????? 1966-?? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????.

1952-? ??????????, ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????; ???? 4 ??????????? ??????????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ???? 6 ??? ???????? ????????????? 3 ??? ?????????????????????? ????????????????. 9 ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? 4 ??????????? 1966 ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ????????????? 1966-? ? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????. ????? ???????????? ???? ????????? 1967-? ???????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? 11 ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????. 30 ??????????? ??? ???????? 99 ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????.

????????????????? [ ????????? ]

??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????, ?????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????. ?????????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????????????. ??????????????? ???????????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???.

????????????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ????? ????? ????????????. ???????????????, ?????????????????, ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. 1971 ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ^[13] 1972 ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????????????????? ?????????? 1972 ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? (state of internal war) ?????????????. ^[14] ????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????????????? 19 ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ??????????????????? ??????. ???????????????? ?????????????????, ?????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? 1973 ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????. ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? 25 ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????????. ? ???? ????????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????, ???????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????????. 1974 ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????. 1975-1976 ??????????? ???????? ??????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????.

???????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? 1976 ????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ??. ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??. ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????.

????? ???????? 1976-? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ? ??????? ???????????????. ???????? ????? ????????????? (????? ???????????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????) ?????? 1984-? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????????. 1991 ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????.

1966 ???? 1973 ??? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????. ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ???? ????? ???????? 10 ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? 1976 ????????? ???????????????. ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? 1976-? 6000-? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????.

?????????????? [ ????????? ]

??????? ????????????? [ ????????? ]

???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????. ???????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????????. ?????????????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????????????????????. ???? , ????? , ????? , ?????? ????????? ???????????????????????. ?????? , ????????? , ?????? , ???????? , ?????? , ???? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????. ??????-?????????????????? 26 ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ^[15]^[16]

???????? [ ????????? ]

??????????? ????????? ??????????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????. ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????. ????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????????????. ????????? ????????????? ??????? , ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????????. ?????? - ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????????? ????????????? ????????????, ????????????? , ????????????? , ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????????????. ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????. ????????? ??????????, ????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ?????? ??????? , ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???. ^[17]

???????? [ ????????? ]

????????????????? ??????????????? ????????. ^[18] ???????????????, ????????????? , ????, ????? ??????. ?? ?????? , ?????? ????? , ??????? , ??.??. , ??????????? , ??.???. ????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????????. ????????????????????????? ?????????????????, ???????? , ?????????? , ????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ??.???., ?????? , ?????? ?????, ???????? , ??.??. ????? ?????????? ??????????????. ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ^[19]

?????? [ ????????? ]

??????????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ??????? 3,200 ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? 12,800 ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????????. ????????? ???????????? 1,240 ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????? . ?????????????????? 21 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ???????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????. ^[20]

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/26.htm Geography
↑ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/An_important_river_or_lake_in_Uruguayimportant Archived 2013-06-10 at the Wayback Machine . river or lake in Uruguay?
↑ http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-275712/Uruguay Plants and Animals
↑ http://www.destination360.com/south-america/uruguay/wildlife Archived 2013-02-06 at the Wayback Machine . Uruguay Wildlife
↑ http://embassyofuruguay.ca/u-text.htm THE MINING SECTOR
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101206191224/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/south-america/uruguay URUGUAY TODAY
↑ http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ab40 HISTORY OF URUGUAY
↑ http://motherearthtravel.com/uruguay/history-4.htm THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1811-30
↑ http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=7541 The Uruguayan Constitution
↑ http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/uruguay/HISTORY.html Uruguay - History
↑ http://www.countriesquest.com/south_america/uruguay/population/culture_and_art/literature.htm Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine . Culture and Art, Literature
↑ http://www.escapeartist.com/uruguay/art.htm Archived 2012-07-06 at the Wayback Machine . Art, Music & Culture in Uruguay
↑ http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB71/ NIXON: "BRAZIL HELPED RIG THE URUGUAYAN ELECTIONS," 1971
↑ http://www.countriesquest.com/south_america/uruguay/history/political_deterioration.htm Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine . History, Political Deterioration
↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620116/Uruguay/225498/Settlement-patterns#toc32686 Settlement patterns
↑ http://www.internet.com.uy/farmurug/ FARMING-URUGUAY
↑ http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Uruguay-INDUSTRY.html Uruguay - Industry
↑ http://www.tradingeconomics.com/uruguay/exports Uruguay Exports
↑ http://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/eng/document.jsp?did=90987&cid=728&oid=346 Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine . Import Regulations - Uruguay
↑ http://www.nhtransport.sg/ Archived 2015-10-17 at the Wayback Machine . NH Transport

External links [ ????????? ]

Official website Archived 2011-08-09 at the Wayback Machine .
???????? ??????????
Uruguay entry at The World Factbook
Uruguay Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine . from UCB Libraries GovPubs
??????? ????? ?????????? ????????????
Uruguay profile from the BBC News
Wikimedia Atlas of Uruguay
Travel guide to Uruguay in English Archived 2012-12-27 at the Wayback Machine .
Photographic Travel Essay Through Uruguay Archived 2011-01-19 at the Wayback Machine .
Simplemente Uruguay ?????????
Development Forecasts
Geographic data related to ??????? at OpenStreetMap

?????? ????????
???????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????????? ???????? ^{(??????????? ????????????)} ? ??????? ???? ^{(??????? ??? ???????)} ? ???? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ?????????

[1] ttp://countrystudies.us/uruguay/26.htm Geography

[2] ttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/An_important_river_or_lake_in_Uruguayimportant Archived 2013-06-10 at the Wayback Machine . river or lake in Uruguay?

[3] ttp://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-275712/Uruguay Plants and Animals

[4] ttp://www.destination360.com/south-america/uruguay/wildlife Archived 2013-02-06 at the Wayback Machine . Uruguay Wildlife

[5] ttp://embassyofuruguay.ca/u-text.htm THE MINING SECTOR

[6] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20101206191224/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/south-america/uruguay URUGUAY TODAY

[7] ttp://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ab40 HISTORY OF URUGUAY

[8] ttp://motherearthtravel.com/uruguay/history-4.htm THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1811-30

[9] ttp://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=7541 The Uruguayan Constitution

[10] ttp://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/uruguay/HISTORY.html Uruguay - History

[11] ttp://www.countriesquest.com/south_america/uruguay/population/culture_and_art/literature.htm Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine . Culture and Art, Literature

[12] ttp://www.escapeartist.com/uruguay/art.htm Archived 2012-07-06 at the Wayback Machine . Art, Music & Culture in Uruguay

[13] ttp://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB71/ NIXON: "BRAZIL HELPED RIG THE URUGUAYAN ELECTIONS," 1971

[14] ttp://www.countriesquest.com/south_america/uruguay/history/political_deterioration.htm Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine . History, Political Deterioration

[15] ttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620116/Uruguay/225498/Settlement-patterns#toc32686 Settlement patterns

[16] ttp://www.internet.com.uy/farmurug/ FARMING-URUGUAY

[17] ttp://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Uruguay-INDUSTRY.html Uruguay - Industry

[18] ttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/uruguay/exports Uruguay Exports

[19] ttp://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/eng/document.jsp?did=90987&cid=728&oid=346 Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine . Import Regulations - Uruguay

[20] ttp://www.nhtransport.sg/ Archived 2015-10-17 at the Wayback Machine . NH Transport

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