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??????????? : 15°N 19°E  /  15°N 19°E  / 15; 19

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Republique du Tchad (?????)
??????? ???? (?????)
ທຸງຊາດຊາດ
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ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຊາດຂອງຊາດ
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?????? :  Unite, Travail, Progres
( ????????? : ???????, ?????? ,??????????)
ທີ່ຕັ້ງຂອງຊາດ
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12°06′N 16°02′E  /  12.100°N 16.033°E  / 12.100; 16.033
???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????
????????? ??????? ??? ???????????????????????? [1]
Mahamat Deby
Albert Pahimi Padacke
???????
? ??? ?????
11 ????? ?? 1960
???????
? ???
1,284,000 ????????????? (496,000 ?????????) [2] ( 20 )
1.9
???????
? 2020 ?????
16,244,513 [3] ( 70 )
? ????????????? 2009
11,039,873 [4]
8.6 ???????????????? (22.3 ????????????)
GDP   ( ???????? ) 2018 (?????)
? ???
$30 ??? [5] ( 123 )
$2,428 [5] ( 168 )
GDP   (??????????) 2018 (?????)
? ???
$11 ??? [5] ( 130 )
$890 [5] ( 151 )
????   (2011) 43.3 [6]
??????
HDI   (2019) Decrease 0.398 [7]
???  ·  187
????????? ??????????? ( XAF )
??????? UTC +1 ( WAT )
?????????? ???
???????????? +235
??????????????? .td

??? ( ????? : Tchad ; ????? : ???? , Tsh?d ) ???? ?????????????????????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? "??????????????????" (dead heart of Africa) ????????? ??????????????? (Tibesti Mountains) ?????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? (Federation of French Equatorial Africa) ???????? ?????????? (Lake Chad).

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  1. ↑ "Chad's President Idriss Deby dies 'in clashes with rebels' " . BBC News . Retrieved 20 April 2021 .
  2. ↑ "Le TCHAD en bref" (in ?????). INSEED. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 . Retrieved 18 December 2015 .
  3. ↑ ??????:Cite report
  4. ↑ ??????:Cite report
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Chad" . International Monetary Fund.
  6. ↑ "Gini Index" . World Bank . Retrieved 16 April 2017 .
  7. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme. 2020. pp. 343?346. ISBN   978-92-1-126442-5 . Retrieved 16 December 2020 .

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??????:Library resources box

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