Chemia
[1]
(
-ae,
f.
), sive
chymia
[1]
seu
chimia
,
[1]
est
scientificum
proprietatum
morumque
materiae
studium,
[2]
una e
scientiis naturalibus
, multas in
disciplinas
divisa, quae
elementa
materiae
compositionum chemicarum
tractat quae in
atomis
,
moleculis
, et
iontis
consistunt, praecipue earum compositionem, structuram, proprietates, mores, et mutationes quae per
reactiones chemicas
cum aliis substantiis patiuntur.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
Vinculum chemicum
, quod atomos commitit, est principalis chemiae notio, qua omnes res chemicae explicantur. Cum
physica
commutationem statuum physicorum materiae describit, tum chemia commutationem chemicam ad vincula chemica formanda rumpendaque refert.
Omnes materiae
antiquitus
putabantur ex
elementis
quattuor
provenire, nempe ex
igne
, terra,
aqua
,
aere
. Eruditi aetatis antiquae investigabant, quo modo elementa solvi et coagulari possent, ut novae substantiae
medicinaeque
crearentur. Investigationes chemicae ab
Arabibus
medio aevo
continuabantur, quorum
disciplina
alchemia
appellabatur. Chemia hodierna ex
alchemia
medii aevi
orta est.
Hodie scimus
materiam
ex
elementis
fere 114 provenire, inter quae
hydrogenium
,
helium
,
lithium
,
carbonium
,
oxygenium
,
aurum
,
plumbum
, et alia elementa omnibus notissima.
Systema periodicum
omnium elementorum ordo est. In hoc systemate, nomina elementorum chemicorum saepe e
lingua Latina
derivata sunt.
Chemiae sunt diversae disciplinae:
Chemia organica
de moleculis e
carbonio
factis tractat; in composito organico est vinculum inter atomos carbonii,
hydrogeni
,
oxygenii
. Talia composita organica dicuntur, quod omnia quae vivunt ex eis facta sunt.
Chemia inorganica
de aliis compositis tractat, hoc est, de moleculis sine carbonio, ut metallis.
Sunt autem composita chemica in quibus sunt vincula inter atomos carbonii atomosque
metallicos
;
chemia organometallica
de talibus materiis tractat.
In
chemia physica
describuntur fundamenta
physica
systematum chemicorum.
Chemia theoretica
rationibus
et organis
mathematicae
et
physicae
utitur ad reactiones chemicas explanandas.
Partes et compositiones materiarum sunt labores
chemiae analyticae
.
Biochemia
est studium reactionum chemicarum in
cellulis
animalium
et
plantarum
.
Hi viri feminaeque
chemici
sunt aut fuerunt. Inter hos sunt plures laureati
Praemii Nobeliani Chemiae
.
Nexus interni
- Andre, Gilles, Valerie Dartiailh, Frederique Maksud, Sophie Pak-Blanes, et Josette Fournier.
1994
.
Ecolo Chimie, chimie appliquee a l’environnement.
Namnetica civitas: Association Cultures et Techniques.
ISBN 978-2-9502444-4-4
/
- Atkins, P. W.
2003
.
Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great Ideas of Science
Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-860941-8
.
- Atkins, P. W.
2003
.
Atkins' Molecules.
Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-82397-8
.
- Capon, Mady, Veronique Courilleau-Haverlant, Cecile Valette,
1993
.
Chimie des couleurs et des odeurs.
Namnetica civitas: Association Cultures et Techniques.
ISBN 978-2-9502444-2-0
.
- Crouzet-Deprost, Dominique, Karine Depres-Homo, Sophie Sadou, et Josette Fournier.
1996
.
Chimie dans la maison.
Namnetica civitas: Association Cultures et Techniques.
ISBN 2-95101 68-2-4
.
- Haurat-Bentolila, Sylvie, Emmanuelle Lecorgne, Olivier Leduc.
1995
.
Chimie-Tout: experiences commentees.
Namnetica civitas: Association Cultures et Techniques.
ISBN 978-2-9502444-6-8
.
- Hussey, Matt.
1999
.
Nod don Eolach: Gasaitear Eolaiochta.
Eblanae: An Gum.
ISBN 1-85791-103-2
.
- Miller, Steve.
2012
.
The Chemical Cosmos: A Guided Tour.
Novi Eboraci: Springer.
ISBN 978-1-4419-8443-2
.
- Kranz, Joachim, Manfred Kuballa.
2003
.
Chemie im Alltag.
Berolini.
ISBN 3-589-21692-1
.
- Stwertka, Albert.
2012
.
A Guide to the Elements,
editio tertia. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 978-0-19-983252-1
.
- Terrien, Marie, Josette Fournier.
1998
.
Chimie du petit dejeuner.
Namnetica civitas: Association Cultures et Techniques.
ISBN 978-2-9510168-5-9
.
- Aftalion, Fred.
1988
.
Histoire de la chimie.
Lutetiae: Masson.
ISBN 978-2-225-81420-4
.
- Califano, Salvatore.
2010
.
Storia della chimica.
Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
ISBN 978-88-339-2157-0
.
- Elmir, Francois.
2005
.
La chimie: son passe, son present et son avenir.
Lutetiae: Siress.
ISBN 978-2-9520588-5-8
.
- Gavroglu, Kostas, et Ana Simoes.
2012
.
Neither Physics nor Chemistry: A History of Quantum Chemistry.
Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press.
ISBN 978-0-262-01618-6
.
- Greenberg, Arthur.
2000
.
A Chemical History Tour: Picturing Chemistry from Alchemy to Modern Molecular Science.
Novi Eboraci: Wiley.
ISBN 0-471-35408-2
.
- Morris, Richard.
2003
.
The Last Sorcerers: The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table.
Vasingtoniae: Joseph Henry Press.
ISBN 0-309-08905-0
.
- Solov'ev, I. J.
1976
.
L'Evoluzione del pensiero chimico: Dal '600 ai giorni nostri.
Mondadori.
- Volke, Klaus.
2009
.
Chemie im Altertum: unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Mesopotamiens und der Mittelmeerlander.
Freiberg: TU Bergakademie Freiberg.
ISBN 978-3-86012-376-8
.
- Atkins, P. W., Overton, T., Rourke, J., Weller, M. et Armstrong, F.
2006
Shriver and Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry,
editio quarta. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 978-0-19-926463-6
.
- Chang, Raymond.
1998
.
Chemistry,
editio sexta. Bostoniae: James M. Smith, 1998.
ISBN 0-07-115221-0
.
- Clayden, Jonathan, Greeves, Nick, Warren, Stuart, et Wothers, Peter
2001
.
Organic Chemistry.
Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0
.
- Malone, Leo J.
2004
.
Basic Concepts of Chemistry.
Novi Eboraci: Wiley.
ISBN 978-0-471-21522-6
.
- Stephenson, G.
1973
.
Mathematical Methods for Science Students.
Radinga: Addison Wesley Longman.
ISBN 0-582-44416-0
.
- Voet, Donald, et Judith Voet.
2010
Biochemistry,
editio quarta. Novi Eboraci: Wiley.
ISBN 978-0-470-57095-1
.
- Atkins, P. W., et Julio de Paula.
2010
.
Physical Chemistry,
editio nona. Novi Eboraci: W. H. Freeman.
ISBN 978-1-4292-1812-2
.
- Atkins, P. W., et Ronald Friedman.
2010
.
Molecular Quantum Mechanics,
editio quinta. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 978-0-19-954142-3
.
- Berg, Jeremy Mark.
2012
.
Biochemistry,
editio septima. Novi Eboraci: W. H. Freeman.
ISBN 978-1-4292-2936-4
.
- Brown, William Henry.
2011
.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry,
editio quarta. Hoboken: Wiley.
ISBN 978-0-470-12923-4
.
- McWeeny, Roy, et C. A. Coulson.
1979
.
Coulson's Valence.
Oxoniae: Oxford Science Publications.
ISBN 0-19-855144-4
.
- Pauling, Linus.
1960
.
The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals.
Ithacae: Cornell University Press.
ISBN 0-8014-0333-2
.
- Pauling, Linus, et E. Bright Wilson, Jr.
1935
.
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry,
reeditio 1985. Novo Eboraco: Dover Publications.
ISBN 0-486-64871-0
- Smart, Leslie E., et Elaine A. Moore.
2005
.
Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction.
Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall.
ISBN 0-412-40040-5
.
- ↑
1.0
1.1
1.2
Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713).
Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.
Leipzig: F. Thomas
- ↑
Brown, Theodore L.; LeMay, Jr., H. Eugene; Bursten, Bruce E.; Murphey, Catherine J.; Woodward, Patrick M.; Stoltzfus, Matthew W.; Lufaso, Michael W. (
2018
). "Introduction: Matter, energy, and measurement".
Chemistry: The Central Science
(quarto decimo ed.). Novi Eboraci: Pearson. pp. 46?85.
ISBN
9780134414232
.
- ↑
"What is Chemistry?"
. Chemweb.ucc.ie
.
- ↑
Definition of CHEMISTRY
. .
www.merriam-webster.com
.
- ↑
Definition of chemistry | Dictionary.com
. .
www.dictionary.com
.
- ↑
Chemistry Is Everywhere
. .
American Chemical Society
.
Scientiae naturales et artes mathematicae