?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ?? ???????????, ?? ?? ????, ?? ?? ???? ????????????, ??. ?????????? ?????? . ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????????, ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??????????: {{subst:????????????/info|????? ????????}}

????? ????????
????. Johan Galtung
???. ??????	24 ????????? , 1930 ( 1930-10-24 ) [1] [2]
???. ??????	???? [3]
????. ??????	17 ????????? , 2024 ( 2024-02-17 ) [4] (93 ????)
????. ??????	Bærum Municipality [5]
???????????	???????? [6]
??????????	???????????? , ?????????? , ????????? , ????????????? ????????? [7] ?? ???????
???????? ??????	??????????? ???????????? , Kwansei Gakuin University , International Christian University , S?ka University , Chuo University ?? Ritsumeikan University
????-??????	????? ????????????
?????????? ???????	magister degree [8]
??????	Ingrid Eide [9]
????	August Galtung [10]
????	Helga Holmboe [10]
????(??)?	Andreas Galtung
????????	Humanist Prize , Erik Bye's Memorial Prize , Prices of the Norwegian Association of Sociology , Jamnalal Bajaj Award , ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? , Brage Prize for non-fiction , honorary doctor of the University of Alicante ?? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? [11]
????? ???????? ????????????

????? ??????? ???????? ( ????. Johan Galtung; ?. 24 ????????? , 1930 ? ?. 17 ????????? , 2024 ) ? ?????????? ????????????, ?????????, ????????? ????????, ?????????, ?????????, ??????, ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????. ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? (PRIO) ???????????? (1959), ???????? 1970 ?????? ???????????????. ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? (1964) ???????????? ?? ?????????, ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? TRANSCEND??? (1993) ????????????????.

????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????, ????????? ?????????????, ???????????, ?????????, ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ????????, ????????? ?????????? ?? ???. ???????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? 170???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????.

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????? ???????? ??????? ?????? , ??????????? ??????. ???????? 12 ???? ???, ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????. 24 ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????. ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ????????? ???????? 12 ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?????, ???? 6 ??? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????.“

????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????. ??? 1956?1957 ?????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????. 1975 ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????. ???????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????.

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????, ??? ??????, ????? ??? 5 ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????. 1959 ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? PRIO, ???????? ??? ???? ???????????????. ????????????? PRIO ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????“ ???????? ???????????? ???, ????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????. 1964 ???? ????????? ????????? PRIO??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????.“

1969 ???? ????????? ?????? PRIO ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????????, ????? 1978 ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ????????????? , ????????? ????????????? , ?????? ????????????? , ???????? ????????????? , ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???.

????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????. 1957 ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ???????? ????????, ????????? ?? ???????????????? ??????? ??????.

???????? ?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????:

? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????, ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????. ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? .

? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ???? ??????????? ????????? ???????????, ???? ?????????? ????????, ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????, ????????? ?? ?????????????.

???????? ??? ???????, ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????????. ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• TRANSCEND, biography - Johan Galtung
• VisdomsNettets, ????? ????????? ???????? (????????) ???????????? 2016-03-04 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Weber T. Gandhian Philosophy, Conflict Resolution Theory and Practical Approaches to Negotiation, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Jul., 2001), pp. 493-513 ???????????? 2016-01-08 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Galtung Istitute for Peace Theory and Peace Practice, biography ? Johan Galtung
• Henrik Urdal Editor, Gudrun Østby Associate Editor & Nils Petter Gleditsch Editor (1977?1978 and 1983?2010) (2014) Journal of Peace Research, Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 26:4, 500-504.
• Peace Research Institute Oslo. People ? Johan Galtung

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]