???????? ???????? ??????????
(
???.
Борьба с терроризмом на Северном Кавказе
) ?
???????????? ?????????
???????
?? ????????? ?????, ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? 2015 ???? ?????????,
??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????????
(ISIL) ?????????????
???????? ??????????
.
[2]
[14]
[15]
[16]
?? ??????
???????? ????? ????
?????????? 2009 ???? 16 ??????.
[17]
?????????? ??????? ??????????
???? ??????????????
,
???????? ?????????
,
?????????
??
?????????? ???????
, ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????.
[18]
???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????.
[15]
[16]
????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????????:
????????
,
??????????
,
?????????
??
???????-??????????
. ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????
???????? ?????-??????
,
???????-?????????
,
??????????? ?????
??
??????????? ????
.
???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? 2017 ???? 19 ?????????, 8 ????? ???? ???? ??????, ??????? FSB-?? ??????????
?????????? ???????????
?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????.
1999 ???? ?????, ??????? ???????-?????????
???????? ???????
??????? ????????, ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????. 2000 ???? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????????, ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. 2005 ????, ?????? ????????????? ???????,
?????-????? ??????????
, ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????, ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ???? ????????????? ??????, ????? ??????????,
???? ????????
, ?????????? ??????? ??????????
???????? ??????????
?? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????.
???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????
?????? ??????????
???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? 2007-2010 ?????? ????????? ????????. 2009 ???? ???????? 442-?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ??? ????? ??? ?????, ????? ???? 2008 ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? 150 ????????.
[19]
????? 2009 ???? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????? 235 ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? (????????? ???????????? ??
FSB
??????????? ?? ?????) ?? 686 ???????,
[20]
???? 541-?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? 600-?? ???? ????????.
[21]
2010 ???? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? 2008?2009 ??????? ?????????, ????? 2010 ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????.
[22]
2010 ?????? 2014 ??????, ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????.
[23]
?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????.
[23]
Reuters-
?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ???
2014 ???? ????? ??????????
??? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????
?????? ?????????? ????
????????????, ???? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????.
[24]
???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????.
???????? ??????? ???
??? ?????????????? ??????, ?????? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????????????? ?? ????????????? 1994-1996 ??????. ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???????
?? ?????
?????????????? 1996 ???? 30 ???????? ???????????
??????????? ???????????
????????? ???????????. ????????????? ???????????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????, ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??
?????????? ???????
???????? ????????.
1999 ???? ?????????, 1500 ????????? ?????????
?????????? ????????????? ??????
, ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????
????? ???????
?? ????? ?????????
??? ??-??????
, ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
???????? ????? ???
, ?????????, ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????.
??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ???? ???????????, ???? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ???????
????????
1994?95 ?????? ???, ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ?????????
??????????? ????????
?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?????????????? ????????, ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????????. 1999-2000 ??????
??????? ????? ????????
??????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??????????, ????????????? ??? ??????, ??? 2000 ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? 2000 ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????, ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????
????????
??
???????
???????? ?????????.
?????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???????????, 2009 ???? ????????? (??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????) 2010 ???? ????????? ???????? 97 ???????? ??????????? ???????; ???????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????? 189 ????????, ????????, ??????????, ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????????.
[25]
??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????, 2014 ???? 26 ???????????? ?????? ?? 24 ??????????? ??????? ??????
[26]
.
?????????
???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ??????????? ?? ??????.
[27]
?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????
???????? ?????????
, ????????? ?????? ????.
[27]
????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????, ??????
???????
?????, ???????
?????????
?????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????-?????? ?? ???????? ???????????, ??
?????????
, ???? ????????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????.
[27]
?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????
???????? ?????????
?????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? 2013 ????
???????? ??????????
???????? 399 ??????????? ???????? 242
??????????
???.
2017 ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????????.
[28]
??????????? ?????, ????????? ?????? ??????
???????? ??????????
????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? 1990-??? ?? 2000-???? ?????? ?????????? ????????. 2004 ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????
???????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????
????????
, ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ?????????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????. ???-? ?????? ???????,
????? ??????????
???????????????, ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????????? ??????????,
?????-??? ?????????
, ??????? ???????? 2008 ????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????????????. ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????.
[29]
??? ???????? ??????????? 2010 ???? ???????, ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???-???? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????, ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? 5 ???? ????????????.
[23]
2015 ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????
?????-??? ?????????
?????????, ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????????“.
[30]
???????-?????????? ???????? ?????? 2000-???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????.
2005 ???? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ??????
????? ??????????? ?????????
????????
, ?????? ????????? 142 ???????? ???????. ???????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????????? ??????.
2010 ???? ????? ?? 2011 ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????,
????????, ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????????
???????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????. ???????-?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?????????. ???? ?????????, ??????, ??????? Black Hawks, ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????.
[31]
???????, ??????? ?? ????????? 2011 ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????.
[32]
???????? ?????? ????????? ????????. 2014 ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? 49 ???????? (?????????, ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????????).
[26]
2010 ???? 9 ??????????, ???????? ?????? ?????????
?????????????
, ?????????? ???????, ????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ??? ????????? ??????? 19 ????????? ?? ??????, ???? 190-?? ???? ???????. ??????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????“.
??????? ?????????
??????????????? ???? ?? ?????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????“ ??????????? ??????? ???????“.
[33]
????????? ??????????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ?????????
???????????
,
???????????
,
??????????
,
????????????
,
???????????
,
??????????
,
???? ????????????
??
??????????
?????????? ??????????? ?????????.
????????: ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? Caucasian Knot, ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? 100-?????????? ????????.
- 2009 ???? ???????? ????????
- 2009 ???? ??????? ????????? ????????
- 2010 ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????
- 2010 ???? ???????? ??????????
- 2010 ???? ??????????? ?????? ????????
- 2010 ???? ????????? ??????
- 2010 ???? ????????????? ????????
- 2010 ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????
- ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????
- 2012 ???? ?????????? ?????????
- 2013 ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????
- 2013 ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????????
- 2014 ???? ??????? ????????
- 2014 ???? ???????? ??????????
- 2018 ???? ???????? ???????? ?????
- ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????
- ?????? ?????,
????????-??????? ?????????: ????????? ???????? ?????????,
????????????
2014-09-03 ??????
Wayback Machine
. ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ????? 2014 ?.
- ????????? ??????: ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????
, The Long War Journal, 2009 ???? 21 ?????
- ???? ???????? ???? ???????, ???????? ???“
,
Human Rights Watch
, 2009 ???? 2 ??????
- ??????: ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????
, ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, 2009 ???? 7 ?????? (
UNHCR
)
- ????????? ?? ???????? ????????: ?????????
????????????
2022-08-03 ??????
Wayback Machine
.
- ↑
Глава ФСБ объявил о ликвидации бандподполья на Северном Кавказе
- ↑
2.0
2.1
Нечаев А., Зайнашев Ю.
Россия выиграла еще одну важнейшую битву
//
Взгляд.ру
, 19.12.2017
- ↑
TURKISH VOLUNTEERS IN CHECHNYA
.
The Jamestown Foundation
.
????????? ??????: 20 May 2015
- ↑
???????? ???????? ??????????
Google ????????
- ↑
???????? ???????? ??????????
Google ????????
- ↑
???????? ???????? ??????????
Google ????????
- ↑
"The Battalion of Imam Shamil" claimed attack in St.Petersburg, says they are Al-Qaeda, urging to withdraw troops from Syria - Map of News from Russia. From Vladivostok to Kaliningrad - News from Russia - russia.liveuamap.com
en.
????????? ??????: 26 April 2017
- ↑
Islamic State spokesman calls on other factions to 'repent,' urges sectarian war
. The Long War Journal (23 June 2015).
??????:
?Baghdadi, the "Emir of the Faithful," has "accepted your bayat and has appointed the noble sheikh Abu Muhammad al Qadar? as Wali [or governor] over [the Caucasus]," Adnani says.“
????????? ??????: 24 June 2015
- ↑
ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region
. Institute for the Study of War (23 June 2015).
????????? ??????: 24 June 2015
- ↑
235 ??????? (2009),
[1]
225 ??????? (2010),
[2]
190?207 ??????? (2011),
[3]
[4]
211 ??????? (2012),
[5]
127 ??????? (2013),
[6]
41?55 ??????? (2014),
[7]
[8]
18 ??????? (2015),
[9]
????????????
2016-06-02 ??????
Wayback Machine
. 32 ??????? (2016),
[10]
22 ??????? (2017),
[11]
?????? ?????: 1 101?1132 ???????
- ↑
686 ??????? (2009),
[12]
467 ??????? (2010),
[13]
462?826 ??????? (2011),
[14]
[15]
405 ??????? (2012),
[16]
166 ??????? (2014),
[17]
31 ??????? (2015),
[18]
????????????
2016-06-02 ??????
Wayback Machine
. 65 ??????? (2016),
[19]
31 ??????? (2017),
[20]
?????? ?????: 2 313?2 677 ???????
- ↑
270 ??????? ?? 453 ???????????? (2009),
[21]
????????????
2011-09-20 ??????
Wayback Machine
. 349 ??????? ?? 254 ???????????? (2010),
[22]
384 ??????? ?? 370 ???????????? (2011),
[23]
391 ??????? ?? 461 ???????????? (2012),
[24]
298 ??????? ?? 88 ???????????? (2013),
[25]
[26]
259 ??????? ?? 445 ???????????? (2014),
[27]
172 ??????? (2015),
[28]
162 ??????? ?? 377 ???????????? (2016),
[29]
[30]
82 ??????? ?? 296 ???????????? (2017),
[31]
[32]
?????? ?????: 2 329 ??????? ?? 2 744 ????????????
- ↑
356 ??????? (2010?2011),
[33]
78 ??????? (2012),
[34]
104 ??????? (2013),
[35]
????????????
2015-02-14 ??????
Wayback Machine
. 37 ??????? (2014),
[36]
19 ??????? (2015),
[37]
????????????
2016-06-02 ??????
Wayback Machine
. 32 ??????? (2016),
[38]
30 ??????? (2017),
[39]
?????? ?????: 632 ???????
- ↑
?Six Russian soldiers killed in Chechnya“
.
BBC News
(?????????). 2017-03-24.
?????????????
???????????? ? 16 June 2018
. ????????? ??????:
2017-10-03
.
??????
: ?Russian troops in Chechnya have faced a low level insurgency for years ... They still face a low-level insurgency in the mainly Muslim region in Russia's volatile North Caucasus area.“
- ↑
15.0
15.1
Walker, Shaun (2017-04-04).
?Why suspicion over St Petersburg metro attack is likely to fall on Islamist groups“
.
The Guardian
(?????????).
ISSN
0261-3077
. ?????????????
????????????
? 2017-04-03
. ????????? ??????:
2017-10-03
.
??????
: ?A renewed crackdown on any suspected militant activity in the run-up to the Sochi winter Olympics in 2014 and the departure of many militants to fight in Syria led to a weakening of the North Caucasus insurgency.“
- ↑
16.0
16.1
Walker, Shaun (2017-04-04).
?Why suspicion over St Petersburg metro attack is likely to fall on Islamist groups“
.
The Guardian
(?????????).
ISSN
0261-3077
. ?????????????
????????????
? 2017-04-03
. ????????? ??????:
2017-10-03
.
??????
: ?A renewed crackdown on any suspected militant activity in the run-up to the Sochi winter Olympics in 2014 and the departure of many militants to fight in Syria led to a weakening of the North Caucasus insurgency.“
- ↑
Russia 'ends Chechnya operation'
????????????
8 February 2011 ??????
Wayback Machine
. ,
BBC News
, 16 April 2009
- ↑
Cerwyn Moore (2015).
?Foreign Bodies: Transnational Activism, the Insurgency in the North Caucasus and "Beyond
"
“
(PDF)
.
Terrorism and Political Violence
.
27
(3): 395?415.
doi
:
10.1080/09546553.2015.1032035
.
S2CID
56451099
.
- ↑
Moscow and Grozny Evince Growing Nervousness Over Regional Security
????????????
4 June 2011 ??????
Wayback Machine
. ,
The Jamestown Foundation
, 9 November 2009.
- ↑
Более 230 силовиков погибло на Северном Кавказе в 2009 году
- ↑
Кавказский Узел|Нургалиев: с начала года на Северном Кавказе нейтрализовано более 700 боевиков
????????????
20 September 2011 ??????
Wayback Machine
. . Chechnya.kavkaz-uzel.ru. Retrieved on 21 August 2010.
- ↑
Gordon Hahn, "Trends in Jihadist Violence in Russia During 2010 in Statistics", Islam, Islamism and Politics in Eurasia Report, Monterey Institute for International Studies, 26 January 2011
- ↑
23.0
23.1
23.2
Why Is The Death Toll Tumbling In The North Caucasus?
.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
(10 February 2015).
????????? ??????: 17 February 2015
- ↑
How Russia allowed homegrown radicals to go and fight in Syria
.
Reuters
(13 May 2016).
????????? ??????: 13 May 2016
- ↑
Chechen Fighters Hold their Ground Against Kadyrov
????????????
22 July 2011 ??????
Wayback Machine
. ,
The Jamestown Foundation
, 28 May 2010
- ↑
26.0
26.1
Кавказский Узел ? По итогам 2014 года Чечня стала единственным регионом СКФО с ростом числа жертв конфликта
.
Кавказский Узел
.
????????? ??????: 7 July 2015
- ↑
27.0
27.1
27.2
?From Moscow to Mecca: As this part of Russia's empire frays, fundamentalist Islam takes a stronger hold“
.
The Economist
.
399
(8728). The Economist Newspaper Limited. 9?15 April 2011. pp. 24?26.
?????????????
???????????? ? 5 May 2007
. ????????? ??????:
26 April
2019
.
- ↑
(in Russian).
Абдулатипов заявил о ликвидации всех террористических групп в Дагестане
.
????????? ??????: 2019-05-08
- ↑
A Fear of Three Letters
????????????
23 March 2011 ??????
Wayback Machine
. ,
Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
, 8 March 2011
- ↑
Yevkurov Says Insurgency 'Defeated' In Ingushetia
.
RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
(19 May 2015).
????????? ??????: 22 May 2015
- ↑
Blood Relations
????????????
9 April 2011 ??????
Wayback Machine
. ,
Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
, 21 February 2011
- ↑
Clashes in Russia's Caucasus Kill 10 Rebels
????????????
25 May 2012 ??????
Wayback Machine
. ,
Reuters
, 29 April 2011
- ↑
CEDR, 9 September 2010, Doc.
- ↑
34.0
34.1
Нургалиев: с начала года на Северном Кавказе нейтрализовано более 700 боевиков
. Caucasian Knot (2009-09-29).
????????? ??????: 2009-09-29
- ↑
35.0
35.1
Инфографика. Статистика жертв на Северном Кавказе за 2010 год по данным "Кавказского узла".
. Caucasian Knot (2013-12-23).
????????? ??????: 2014-02-04
- ↑
36.0
36.1
Инфографика. Статистика жертв на Северном Кавказе за 2011 год по данным "Кавказского узла".
. Caucasian Knot (2013-12-23).
????????? ??????: 2014-02-04
- ↑
37.0
37.1
Инфографика. Статистика жертв на Северном Кавказе за 2012 год.
. Caucasian Knot (2013-06-06).
????????? ??????: 2014-02-04
- ↑
38.0
38.1
Инфографика. Статистика жертв на Северном Кавказе в ноябре 2013 года по данным "Кавказского узла"
. Caucasian Knot (2013-12-18).
????????? ??????: 2014-02-04
- ↑
39.0
39.1
По итогам 2014 года Чечня стала единственным регионом СКФО с ростом числа жертв конфликта
. Caucasian Knot (2015-01-30).
????????? ??????: 2015-02-16
- ↑
40.0
40.1
В 2015 году число жертв конфликта на Северном Кавказе снизилось вдвое
. Caucasian Knot (2016-02-05).
????????? ??????: 2016-02-28
- ↑
41.0
41.1
В 2016 году число жертв конфликта на Северном Кавказе выросло на 11%
. Caucasian Knot (2017-02-02).
????????? ??????: 2017-02-04
- ↑
42.0
42.1
Инфографика. Статистика жертв на Северном Кавказе за 2017 год по данным Кавказского Узла
. Caucasian Knot (2018-01-29).
????????? ??????: 2018-02-02