????

????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? (??? ???????????)

???? ( ??? ?????????? ? μ?τρον - ???, ?????), ??????????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ? (?????????? ??????????? m)? ????????????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ???? ???????????? 1983-?? ????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ?????????????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ? 1/299 792 458 ??????????? " ^[1]:

??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? XVII ????? ?????, ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? 1668 ?. ?? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ≪?????????? ???≫ ( universal measure ^[2])? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ? 1675 ?. ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ( ???????? ? Tito Livio Burattini) Misura Universale, ??????????? ???, ????? ?? ????????? ? ???????? μ?τρον καθολικ?ν ( ?????? ????????? ) ?????????????? ???????? metro cattolico (??. ??????? ??? ), ???, ??? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ^[3]?

?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????

??? ???????? ????????????, ??? ???????? ?????????????????? 45° ?????????????? 1 ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ? ${\frac {g}{\pi ^{2}}}\cdot 1\,\mathrm {c} ^{2}\approx 0,994$ ?? ??? ??????????, ??????, ???????????? ??????

????????????? ????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

1790 ?????? 8? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?, ?? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? ?????????????
1791 ????? 30? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ????????? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????
1795 ?.? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????
1799 ?????????? 10? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? 1799 ?. ??????? 20-?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????, ????? ????????? ???????
1889 ?????????? 28 ???????? ? ?????? 1-?? ??????? ?????????? ( ???????? ? General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM)) ????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? 10% ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????????????
1927 ?????????? 6? ???????? ? ?????? 7-?? ??-? ????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ????? 0 °C-??? ???????-???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????????????
1960 ?. ?????????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? 1960 ?????????? 14? ???????? ? ?????? 11-?? ??-? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ??????????? ⁸⁶Kr -? ????? 2p ¹⁰ ? 5d ⁵ ????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? 1 650 763.73 ??????? ^[4]?
1983 ?????????? 21 ???????? ? ?????? 17-?? ??-? ????? ????????? ? ????? ??????????? ????????? 1/299 792 458 ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ^[5]?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ≪17th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1983), Resolution 1≫ . ??????? ? 2012 ?? ?????????? 19???-?? .
↑ Wilkins, John (1668), An Essay Towards a Real Character, And a Philosophical Language (PDF) , London: Gillibrand .
↑ George Sarton (1935). ≪The First Explanation of Decimal Fractions and Measures (1585). Together with a History of the Decimal Idea and a Facsimile (No. XVII) of Stevin's Disme≫ . Isis . 23 (1): 153?244.
↑ Barbrow & Judson 1976, appendix 6.
↑ Taylor and Thompson (2008a), Appendix 1, p. 70.

[Res1-1] ≪17th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1983), Resolution 1≫ . ??????? ? 2012 ?? ?????????? 19???-?? .

[2] Wilkins, John (1668), An Essay Towards a Real Character, And a Philosophical Language (PDF) , London: Gillibrand .

[3] George Sarton (1935). ≪The First Explanation of Decimal Fractions and Measures (1585). Together with a History of the Decimal Idea and a Facsimile (No. XVII) of Stevin's Disme≫ . Isis . 23 (1): 153?244.

[4] Barbrow & Judson 1976, appendix 6.

[5] Taylor and Thompson (2008a), Appendix 1, p. 70.

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