??? ??? ????
???????
?????.
毛澤東
,
????.
毛??
|
|
??? ??????
|
|
????? 20
,
1943
-
?????????? 9
,
1976
|
????????
|
???
|
????????
|
???? ?????
|
??????? ????????
|
|
?????????? 27
,
1954
-
?????? 27
,
1959
|
??????????
|
??? ??? 朱德
|
????????
|
???
|
????????
|
???? ?????
|
??????? ????????
|
|
???????????????
|
????????? ????????????? ??????????????
?
????????
|
???????????
|
Dongshan Senior High School
?
(
1911
)
,
Xiangxiang First Senior High School
?
(
1911
)
,
The First High School of Changsha, Hunan
?
(
1912
)
?
Hunan First Normal University
?
(
??????
1918
)
|
????????????????
|
????????? ??????
,
?????????
,
????
,
????????
,
????????
,
????????????
,
strategist
,
????????? ???????
,
???????????
?
???????
|
??????????
|
???
|
????????
|
??????
?
??????
|
??????? ??
|
?????????? 26
,
1893
(
1893-12-26
)
[1]
[2]
[3]
[…]
|
?????????
|
??????
,
??? ????????????
|
??????? ??
|
?????????? 9
,
1976
(
1976-09-09
)
[4]
[5]
[6]
[…]
(82 ???????)
|
??????? ????
|
??????????
,
Xichang'anjie Subdistrict
,
Xicheng District
,
?????
,
????????
|
??????
|
Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
|
???????????????
|
????????
|
? ??? ?????
|
???????
?
毛澤東
|
????
|
??? ??????
|
????
|
??? ?????
|
???????
|
1)??? ????????? ??慧
2) ?? ?????? ?子珍
3) ???? ???? 江?
|
????????
|
??? ??????
[7]
[8]
[9]
,
??? ??????
[7]
[8]
[9]
,
Mao Anlong
?
[8]
,
Yang Yuehua
?
,
Li Min
?
[10]
?
Li Na
?
[10]
|
|
????????
|
|
|
????????
|
|
|
??? ?????
(
???????
?????.
毛澤東
,
????.
毛??
,
?????
:
Mao Zed?ng
,
??? ?????
,
?????????? 26
,
1893
(
1893-12-26
)
[1]
[2]
[3]
[…]
,
??????
,
??? ????????????
-
?????????? 9
,
1976
(
1976-09-09
)
[4]
[5]
[6]
[…]
,
??????????
,
Xichang'anjie Subdistrict
,
Xicheng District
,
?????
,
????????
),
??????
??????? ? ????????? ??????,
???????
????????? ?
??????? ?????????????
??????????
??? ???-?????, ????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????
????????? ????????????? ?????????????
(?????????????????) ??????,
1930
-???? ??????????? ??????
??????
? 江西 ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??, ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????????????
[11]
? ??????? ?????? ?????? ≪??? ????????≫-?? ????, ????? ??? ???-????? ???????????? ???? ??, ???? ????????? ? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? (???) ????????
??????????????
??? ??????????
??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? (?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????????, ????????? ? ???????????????? ???????????) ?
1949
???????
?????????? 1
-??
????????? ??????????? ???????????????
?????????? ???? ??? ???-????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????
1943
???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????????????????? ????????, ???
1954
-
1959
???????????
????????? ??????????????
???????? ????????
1950
?-? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ????-??????? ???????????? ????????????? 1956 ???????? ??? 8-?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????
≪??? ?????≫
(
1958
?1960
?????????) ? ≪??????????? ?????????????≫ (
1966
?1975
?????????) ????????, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??, ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???-????? ?????????? ?????????
???????????
???? ??? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????, ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ?? ??? ???-????? ???? ????????????
1959
???????? ????????? ? ??? ???????? ???? ???????????. ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????-????????? ?????????????? ??????????
1969 ??????? 9-?? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????, ??? 1973 ??????? 10-?? ? 1977 ??????? 11-?? ???????????????? ≪??? ???????? ???????????≫? ???????????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????????????? ?????
??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??
??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? 2 ?????? ??-????? ??? ??????? ? 2 ?????? 1. ≪??? ? ?????≫, 2. ≪??????????, ??????????????, ???????????????????≫? ??????? ??????????? ≪????≫, ????????? ? ≪??????≫? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ? ≪??????? ??????≫? ?????????? ????????, ??? ??????????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????, ???????? ????? ≪??????≫? ≪????≫ ????????? ? ?????, ??? ≪??≫? ???, ????? ??????? ≪?????≫?
??????
? ????????? 2-?? ?????? ???????? ? ≪?????????? ??????≫? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ≪????≫ ?????? ??????????? 2-?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? 潤芝 ? ????????? ?????????? ?芝 ≪???? ??????? ??????≫? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ≪??≫, ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ≪????? ?????? ???????≫
[12]
? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????, ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ≪????????? ????????? ???????????≫, ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????, ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??-??
[13]
(≪?????? ??????? ??? ???????≫)?
???? ????? ?
?????
, ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????????????
[14]
? ???? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???????
[15]
? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???, ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????
[16]
? ??? ????????? ? ≪??? ????????????????≫ ???????
????????????
???? ???????
???????????? ?????????????
?????, ??? ????????? ?????????????
?????????? ???????????????
???????? ????? ??????
?????????????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????
????????????
?
???? ??????
?
??????? ???????
?????? ??????? ??????????
?????????
????????? ??, ? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????
?????????????
[17]
? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????` ??? ??????? ? ?????
??????????
??????????
, ??? ???? ??????????????
????????
??? ??? ????????????, ????????????, ???????? ??? ??? ?????????, ?????????? ????????????????????,
??????????
?
?????? ?????????????
??? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ????? ? ???? ???????? ? ????????? ???????????
1919 ???????
????? ?????????
[18]
?
???????? ???? ??????????` ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???, ? ??? ???????? ??, ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????????
[19]
? ?? ??????? ? ???????????
???????????????
?
???????????
????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????
???????????????????
? ?????????????, ???????? ??
??? ????????
,
??? ???
?
???? ??????????
[20]
? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?
1919 ???????
???????, ??? ??????? ?
??????
????????? ???, ????? ??????????? ??
???????
????
[21]
? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????????
??????
, ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?
1919 ???????
???????????, ??? ??? ????????`
1920 ???????
?????????
[22]
?
??? ????????? ? ????????? ???????????, 1919?20
[
????????
|
???????? ????
]
1919 ???????
?????? 4
-??
????????
????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???, ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?
?????????
????????????????, ????????
????????? ???????????
??????????
????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????
??????????
, ????? ??????? ??
?????????
? ??? ???????? ????????? ??
??????????
, ???
???????????
???????, ??? ????????? ?? ??????????
?????????????
?????????? ???
[23]
?
?????????
???? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????
[24]
? ?????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????
?????? ???????
????????????? ???????????` ???? ????????? (?????? ????? ≪?????? ????≫) ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ???
[25]
?
???? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ?????????? ???` ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ??? 1919 ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????` ≪???? ????? ???????≫ (???????? ???????)` ?????????? ??????? ??????` ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?? ????????? ? ≪??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????≫ ?????????????????` ???????????
????????????????
, ????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???? ??????????????
[
??????????
]
? ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ????, ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???
[26]
?
????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????, ???? ???? ??????????? ? ?????????? ≪??? ??????≫ (New Hunan ) ???????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ≪????????????≫ ???????? (
Ta Kung Po
)? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?
????????????
?????????
[27]
? 1919 ???????? ???? ?????? ?
?????????
???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????
[28]
[29]
?
????? ????????, ???? ????????, ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? (????????
????????????? ????????????? ?????????
) ????????????? ??? ??? ???, ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??
[30]
?
???? ???????? ?
???????
,
?????
?
??????
[31]
?????? ??????? ????, ????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ??? ????????? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ????, ? ??, ?????????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ? ?? ??? ????????, ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????` ?? ????? ??? (KMT), ??? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ? ????????????? ? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? 1920 ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????, ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? 1920 ??????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???? ???????? ???
[32]
?
????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? 1921?22
[
????????
|
???????? ????
]
????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????? ? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? 1921 ???????? ????? ??????????? ??? ? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????
[33]
? ?? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????, ?? ???????
?????????????????
????????
???????????? ???????????????
? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ???, ???? ??????? ?? ???????????????
[34]
?
1921 ????????
???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????, ?????????,
?????????
,
????????????
?
?????????
?
??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????????
1921 ???????
??????? 23
-???
????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? 13 ?????????? (???????? ????)? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???, ??? ??? ?? ????????? (Jiaxing) ? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ? ????????-???????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
?????????????
, ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ?????????
?????? ?????????
????? ? ?????????
????????????? ???????????????
[35]
?
???? ???? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ???????????????????
[36]
1920 ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??
??? ???????????
, ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????
[36]
? ?? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????? (YMCA)? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ? ????????? ? ?????????` ????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????
[37]
, ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????
[38]
? ??????????????, ???????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? (? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????) ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????,
???? ????????????
????????????????????
?
???? ??????
, ?? ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????????, ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ? ????????????? ? ???????? ??? ???????
???????????????
,
???????????????
, ???????? ????????, ????????
?????????????????
[39]
???? ??????????? ?, ?? ??? ? ????? ????????????? ?????????????
1922 ???????
??????? ???????
????????
?????????, ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????-????????????? ???
???? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ??, ?????????? ??
?????????
???
[40]
?
???? ???????????? ???????????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ??
???????????????
?? ? ??????? ?????????? ?
?????????
,
??? ??????????
?
???
-? ???????????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????
[41]
?
?????????????????? ????????? ???? 1922?27
[
????????
|
???????? ????
]
1923 ???????
???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????????????` ???? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????
[42]
?
1924 ???????
?????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????????????
???????????????
?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??-???? ???
[43]
?
1924 ???????
?????? ???? ??????????? ? ??????, ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?, ?? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????
??????????
????????? ?????
[44]
? ?? ???????? ? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???,
???????
, ???? ????????? ??? ??? ????????????????, ???? ??
?????????????
.
[45]
? ?? ??????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? 6-?? ????????
1926 ???????
???????????
[46]
[47]
?
[48]
[49]
?
???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????????` ??????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????????????? ??? ????????
[50]
?
1925 ???????
?????? ???? ??????? ?
??????????
, ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ? ???????
[51]
=
[51]
?
??? 1925 ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????
???? ???-????
, ???? ?????????
??? ??????
[52]
? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ????????? ?? 1926 ??????? ??????????? ?????????
[53]
? ????????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????????` ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????
[54]
?
|
- ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ? ??????????????????
????
??, ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??????, ??????????, ?????? ? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?, ???? ?????????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???????
|
|
1927 ???????
?????? ???? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????` ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????` ?????????? ?? ???? ????????, ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ????????? ?????, ?? ??????????? ?, ?? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?` ???????, ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????
[55]
[56]
? 1927 ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????` ??? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????
??????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? (1927)
[
????????
|
???????? ????
]
????? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ? ???? ????????????? ? ???????? ??????????????, ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ? ??? KMT ????????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ? ??????` ?????, ??? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????, ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????` ???????? 5000 ??????
[56]
[57]
? ???????? 19 ???? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????
[58]
[59]
? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??, ? CPC-? ???????? ? 15000-? ?? 25 ????? ??????????
[59]
?
????????? ??????? ?? ???,
?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????;
????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????
???????? ??? ???????????, ??? ???????? ???? ?????` ?? ???? ?? ?????` ??? ? ?????????? ?????? ??????????
? ?????? ????? ≪?????≫ ??????????????????, ?????????, 1927
[60]
CPC-? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????, ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??
[59]
, ???? CPC-? 5-?? ???????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???
[61]
? ????? ?????? ? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????????????
[61]
?
???? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?????` ?????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? 1927 ??????? ???????? 1-?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???????
?????? ?????? (?????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????????)? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????
[61]
? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? (????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????)` ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ????????????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ≪?????≫ ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? KMT-? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? KMT? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????, ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ? ? 1000 ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ??????
[60]
[62]
?
????? ???? ? ??? ???????? ?????? ??, ?? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? KMT-? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????
[63]
?
???? ? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ???? ????????????? ? ??? ???????????? ??? (???????? ???? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????????), ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ???? ? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ??????????????
[63]
?
- ↑
1,0
1,1
Short P.
Mao: A Life
?
Great Britain
:
Hodder & Stoughton
, 1999. ? P. 19. ? 782 p. ?
ISBN 978-0-340-60624-7
- ↑
2,0
2,1
Bibliotheque nationale de France
data.bnf.fr
(??.)
: ????????? ??? ????????
? 2011.
- ↑
3,0
3,1
Itau Cultural
Enciclopedia Itau Cultural
(порт.)
?
Sao Paulo
:
Itau Cultural
, 2001. ?
ISBN 978-85-7979-060-7
- ↑
4,0
4,1
4,2
Immanuel C.Y. Hsu
The Rise of Modern China
? 6 ?
USA
:
OUP
, 2000. ? P. 767. ? 1136 p. ?
ISBN 978-0-19-512504-7
- ↑
5,0
5,1
5,2
Short P.
Mao: A Life
?
Great Britain
:
Hodder & Stoughton
, 1999. ? P. 625?626. ? 782 p. ?
ISBN 978-0-340-60624-7
- ↑
6,0
6,1
6,2
Zhisui L.
The Private Life of Chairman Mao (1996 edition)
? 1996. ? P. 9. ?
ISBN 978-0-09-964881-9
- ↑
7,0
7,1
Spence J.
The Search for Modern China
? 1 ?
USA
:
W. W. Norton & Company
, 1991. ? P. 531. ?
ISBN 978-0-393-30780-1
- ↑
8,0
8,1
8,2
Short P.
Mao: A Life
?
Great Britain
:
Hodder & Stoughton
, 1999. ? P. 116. ? 782 p. ?
ISBN 978-0-340-60624-7
- ↑
9,0
9,1
Zhisui L.
The Private Life of Chairman Mao (1996 edition)
? 1996. ? P. 56. ?
ISBN 978-0-09-964881-9
- ↑
10,0
10,1
Short P.
Mao: A Life
?
Great Britain
:
Hodder & Stoughton
, 1999. ? P. 635. ? 782 p. ?
ISBN 978-0-340-60624-7
- ↑
.info/2012/11/obshhestvo/5084- ?????? ?????? ≪??? ?????????≫
(???????? ?????)
- ↑
Панцов, 2007
, ?? 13
- ↑
Чжан, 2007
, ?? 19
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 48
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 47, 56?57
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Feigon 2002
, ??. 18
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFeigon2002 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 39
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 48
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 59
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 47
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 59?62
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 48?49
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 62?64
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 48
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 57?58
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 48
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 62, 66
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 50?52
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 66
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 66?67
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
- ↑
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 68?70
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 68
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 76
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 53?54
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 71?76
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 55
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 76?77
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 55?56
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 79
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 80
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ????. 81?83
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
- ↑
Pantsov & Levine 2012
, ??. 84
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPantsovLevine2012 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 56?57
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 63
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Feigon 2002
, ????. 23, 28
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFeigon2002 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 63?64
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Feigon 2002
, ????. 23?24, 28, 30
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFeigon2002 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 64?66
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
.
- ↑
36,0
36,1
Schram 1966
, ??. 68
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 68?69
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 69
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Elizabeth J. Perry,
"Anyuan: Mining China's Revolutionary Tradition
,"
The Asia-Pacific Journal
11.1 (January 14, 2013), reprinting Ch 2 of Elizabeth J. Perry.
Anyuan: Mining China's Revolutionary Tradition.
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012.
978-0-520-27189-0
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 69?70
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 73?74
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Feigon 2002
, ??. 33
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFeigon2002 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 74?76
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 76?82
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 78
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 78
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Mao Zedong (1992), Schram, Stuart Reynolds; ? ????: (eds.),
National Revolution and Social Revolution, December 1920 ? June 1927
,
Mao's Road to Power
, Vol. II, M.E. Sharpe, ?? 465
.
- ↑
Liu Xiaoyuan (2004),
Frontier Passages: Ethnopolitics and the Rise of Chinese Communism, 1921?1945
, Stanford: Stanford University Press, ??
66
,
ISBN
978-0-8047-4960-2
.
- ↑
Mao Zedong (1992), Schram, Stuart Reynolds; ? ????: (eds.),
National Revolution and Social Revolution, December 1920 ? June 1927
,
Mao's Road to Power
, Vol. II, M.E. Sharpe, ?? 465
.
- ↑
Liu Xiaoyuan (2004),
Frontier Passages: Ethnopolitics and the Rise of Chinese Communism, 1921?1945
, Stanford: Stanford University Press, ??
66
,
ISBN
978-0-8047-4960-2
.
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 82, 90?91
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
51,0
51,1
Schram 1966
, ??. 83
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 84, 89
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 87, 92?93
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Feigon 2002
, ??. 39
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFeigon2002 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 95
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 98
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
56,0
56,1
Feigon 2002
, ??. 42
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFeigon2002 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ??. 106
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Carter 1976
, ????. 61?62
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCarter1976 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 106?09, 112?13
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
- ↑
59,0
59,1
59,2
Carter 1976
, ??. 62
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCarter1976 (
help
)
- ↑
60,0
60,1
Carter 1976
, ??. 64
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCarter1976 (
help
)
- ↑
61,0
61,1
61,2
Carter 1976
, ??. 63
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCarter1976 (
help
)
- ↑
Schram 1966
, ????. 122?25
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966 (
help
)
;
Feigon 2002
, ????. 46?47
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFeigon2002 (
help
)
- ↑
63,0
63,1
Chang, Halliday; Mao, Chapt.5
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